
传统上,获取大量数据可能会导致内存资源紧张,因为它通常涉及将整个结果集加载到内存中。
=> 流查询方法通过提供一种使用 java 8 streams 增量处理数据的方法来提供解决方案。这可确保任何时候只有一部分数据保存在内存中,增强性能和可扩展性。
在这篇博文中,我们将深入研究流查询方法在 spring data jpa 中的工作原理,探索它们的用例,并演示它们的实现。对于本指南,我们使用:
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactid>
</dependency>
1.什么是流查询方式?
高效的资源管理:增量处理数据,减少内存开销。
延迟处理:按需获取和处理结果,非常适合分页或批处理等场景。
与函数式编程集成:流符合 java 的函数式编程特性,支持过滤、映射和收集等操作。
实体
@setter
@getter
@entity
@entity(name = "tbl_customer")
public class customer {
@id
@generatedvalue(strategy = generationtype.identity)
private long id;
private string name;
private string email;
@onetomany(mappedby = "customer", cascade = cascadetype.all, fetch = fetchtype.lazy)
private list<order> orders;
}
@setter
@getter
@entity(name = "tbl_order")
public class order {
@id
@generatedvalue(strategy = generationtype.identity)
private long id;
private double amount;
private localdatetime orderdate;
@manytoone
@joincolumn(name = "customer_id")
private customer customer;
}
存储库
public interface customerrepository extends jparepository<customer, long> {
@query("""
select c from tbl_customer c join fetch c.orders o where o.orderdate >= :startdate
""")
@queryhints(
@queryhint(name = availablehints.hint_fetch_size, value = "25")
)
stream<customer> findcustomerwithorders(@param("startdate") localdatetime startdate);
}
服务
@service
@requiredargsconstructor
public class customerorderservice {
private final customerrepository customerrepository;
@transactional(readonly = true)
public map<string, double> getcustomerordersummary(localdatetime startdate, double minorderamount) {
try (stream<customer> customerstream = customerrepository.findcustomerwithorders(startdate)) {
return customerstream
// filter customers with orders above the threshold
.flatmap(customer -> customer.getorders().stream()
.filter(order -> order.getamount() >= minorderamount)
.map(order -> new abstractmap.simpleentry<>(customer.getname(), order.getamount())))
// group by customer name and sum order amounts
.collect(collectors.groupingby(
abstractmap.simpleentry::getkey,
collectors.summingdouble(abstractmap.simpleentry::getvalue)
));
}
}
}
控制器
@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/customers")
@requiredargsconstructor
public class customerordercontroller {
private final customerorderservice customerorderservice;
@getmapping("/orders")
public responseentity<map<string, double>> getcustomerordersummary(
@requestparam @datetimeformat(iso = datetimeformat.iso.date_time) localdatetime startdate,
@requestparam double minorderamount
) {
map<string, double> ordersummary = customerorderservice.getcustomerordersummary(startdate, minorderamount);
return responseentity.ok(ordersummary);
}
}
测试
=> 要创建测试数据,您可以在我的源代码中执行以下脚本或自己添加。
src/main/resources/dummy-data.sql
请求:
curl --location 'http://localhost:8090/customers/orders?startdate=2024-05-01t00%3a00%3a00&minorderamount=100'
{
"Jane Roe": 500.0,
"John Doe": 150.0,
"Bob Brown": 350.0,
"Alice Smith": 520.0
}
小数据集:(10 个客户,100 个订单)
大型数据集(10.000 个客户,100.000 个订单)
性能指标
| metric | stream | list |
|---|---|---|
| initial fetch time | slightly slower (due to lazy loading) | faster (all at once) |
| memory consumption | low (incremental processing) | high (entire dataset in memory) |
| memory consumption | low (incremental processing) | high (entire dataset in memory) |
| processing overhead | efficient for large datasets | may cause memory issues for large datasets |
| batch fetching | supported (with fetch size) | not applicable |
| error recovery | graceful with early termination | limited, as data is preloaded |
您对流查询方法有何看法?在下面的评论中分享您的经验和用例!
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