Go语言中动态构建与序列化JSON结构的最佳实践

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    // 1. 创建一个顶层JSON对象，使用 map[string]interface{}
    rootObject := make(map[string]interface{})

    // 设置简单的键值对
    rootObject["message"] = "Hello, dynamic JSON!"
    rootObject["status"] = "success"

    // 2. 创建一个JSON数组，使用 []interface{} 或特定类型的切片
    // 示例：购物清单数组
    groceries := []string{"Eggs", "Bread", "Milk"}
    // 或者更通用的 []interface{}，允许混合类型
    // groceries := []interface{}{"Eggs", "Bread", 1.5, true}
    rootObject["groceries"] = groceries

    // 3. 创建一个嵌套的JSON对象
    // 示例：用户信息
    userInfo := make(map[string]interface{})
    userInfo["name"] = "Alice"
    userInfo["age"] = 30
    userInfo["isStudent"] = false
    rootObject["user_info"] = userInfo

    // 4. 创建更深层次的嵌套结构
    // 示例：订单详情，包含地址信息
    orderDetail := make(map[string]interface{})
    orderDetail["order_id"] = "ORD12345"
    orderDetail["total_amount"] = 99.99

    address := make(map[string]interface{})
    address["street"] = "123 Main St"
    address["city"] = "Anytown"
    address["zip_code"] = "10001"
    orderDetail["shipping_address"] = address

    // 订单中的商品列表
    items := []map[string]interface{}{
        {"item_name": "Laptop", "quantity": 1, "price": 1200.00},
        {"item_name": "Mouse", "quantity": 2, "price": 25.00},
    }
    orderDetail["items"] = items

    rootObject["order_detail"] = orderDetail

    // 5. 序列化为JSON字符串
    // 使用 json.MarshalIndent 可以美化输出，方便阅读
    jsonData, err := json.MarshalIndent(rootObject, "", "  ")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Error marshaling JSON: %v\n", err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println(string(jsonData))
}

{
  "groceries": [
    "Eggs",
    "Bread",
    "Milk"
  ],
  "message": "Hello, dynamic JSON!",
  "order_detail": {
    "items": [
      {
        "item_name": "Laptop",
        "price": 1200,
        "quantity": 1
      },
      {
        "item_name": "Mouse",
        "price": 25,
        "quantity": 2
      }
    ],
    "order_id": "ORD12345",
    "shipping_address": {
      "city": "Anytown",
      "street": "123 Main St",
      "zip_code": "10001"
    },
    "total_amount": 99.99
  },
  "status": "success",
  "user_info": {
    "age": 30,
    "isStudent": false,
    "name": "Alice"
  }
}

go get github.com/Jeffail/gabs

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/Jeffail/gabs"
)

func main() {
    // 1. 创建一个新的gabs JSON对象
    jsonObj := gabs.New()

    // 2. 使用 Set 方法设置嵌套值
    // Set(value, path_parts...)
    jsonObj.Set(10, "outer", "inner", "value")
    jsonObj.Set("world", "hello") // 设置一个顶层键值对

    // 3. 使用 SetP 方法通过路径字符串设置值
    // SetP(value, path_string)
    jsonObj.SetP(20, "outer.inner.value2")

    // 4. 设置另一个嵌套对象
    jsonObj.Set(30, "outer", "inner2", "value3")

    // 5. 添加数组元素
    // ArrayAppend(value, path_parts...)
    jsonObj.ArrayAppend("Eggs", "groceries")
    jsonObj.ArrayAppend("Bread", "groceries")
    jsonObj.ArrayAppend("Milk", "groceries")

    // 6. 获取并打印构建的JSON字符串
    fmt.Println("--- Dynamically Built JSON ---")
    fmt.Println(jsonObj.String())

    // 7. 从现有JSON字符串解析并操作
    fmt.Println("\n--- Parsing and Modifying Existing JSON ---")
    jsonString := `{"data":{"items":[{"id":1,"name":"Item A"},{"id":2,"name":"Item B"}]}}`
    parsedObj, err := gabs.ParseJSON([]byte(jsonString))
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Error parsing JSON: %v\n", err)
        return
    }

    // 获取特定路径的值
    itemAName := parsedObj.Path("data.items.0.name").Data().(string)
    fmt.Printf("Item A Name: %s\n", itemAName)

    // 修改值
    parsedObj.Set("New Item A", "data", "items", "0", "name")
    fmt.Println("Modified JSON:")
    fmt.Println(parsedObj.String())

    // 添加新的数组元素
    parsedObj.ArrayAppend(map[string]interface{}{"id": 3, "name": "Item C"}, "data", "items")
    fmt.Println("JSON after adding new item:")
    fmt.Println(parsedObj.String())
}

--- Dynamically Built JSON ---
{"groceries":["Eggs","Bread","Milk"],"hello":"world","outer":{"inner":{"value":10,"value2":20},"inner2":{"value3":30}}}

--- Parsing and Modifying Existing JSON ---
Item A Name: Item A
Modified JSON:
{"data":{"items":[{"id":1,"name":"New Item A"},{"id":2,"name":"Item B"}]}}
JSON after adding new item:
{"data":{"items":[{"id":1,"name":"New Item A"},{"id":2,"name":"Item B"},{"id":3,"name":"Item C"}]}}