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centos hdfs配置中如何实现高可用

月夜之吻

发布： 2025-07-20 09:36:03

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在centos上配置hdfs（hadoop distributed file system）以实现高可用性，主要涉及到设置多个namenode（主节点）和datanode（数据节点），以及使用zookeeper进行故障转移管理。以下是详细的步骤：

1. 安装Hadoop

首先，确保你已经在所有节点上安装了Hadoop。你可以从Apache Hadoop官方网站下载并按照官方文档进行安装。

2. 配置Hadoop集群

编辑Hadoop的配置文件，主要包括core-site.xml、hdfs-site.xml和yarn-site.xml。

core-site.xml

<<span>configuration></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>fs.defaultFS</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>hdfs://mycluster</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>ha.zookeeper.quorum</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>zk1:2181,zk2:2181,zk3:2181</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
</<span>configuration></span>

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hdfs-site.xml

<<span>configuration></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.nameservices</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>mycluster</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.ha.namenodes.mycluster</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>nn1,nn2</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn1</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>namenode1:8020</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn2</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>namenode2:8020</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn1</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>namenode1:50070</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn2</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>namenode2:50070</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.mycluster</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>sshfence</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>/path/to/ssh/key</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>qjournal://journalnode1:8485;journalnode2:8485;journalnode3:8485/mycluster</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>/path/to/journalnode/data</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
</<span>configuration></span>

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yarn-site.xml

<<span>configuration></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>true</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>yarn-cluster</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>rm1,rm2</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm1</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>resourcemanager1</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm2</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>resourcemanager2</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
    <<span>property></span>
        <<span>name></span>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</<span>name></span>
        <<span>value></span>zk1:2181,zk2:2181,zk3:2181</<span>value></span>
    </<span>property></span>
</<span>configuration></span>

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3. 配置JournalNode

在所有JournalNode节点上编辑hdfs-site.xml，添加以下配置：

<<span>property></span>
    <<span>name></span>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</<span>name></span>
    <<span>value></span>/path/to/journalnode/data</<span>value></span>
</<span>property></span>

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然后启动JournalNode服务：

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode

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4. 初始化NameNode元数据

在其中一个NameNode节点上执行以下命令来初始化NameNode元数据：

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/hdfs namenode -format

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5. 同步NameNode元数据到其他JournalNode

在所有JournalNode节点上执行以下命令来同步NameNode元数据：

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby

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6. 启动NameNode和DataNode

在所有NameNode节点上启动NameNode服务：

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$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

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在所有DataNode节点上启动DataNode服务：

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

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7. 启动ResourceManager和NodeManager

在所有ResourceManager节点上启动ResourceManager服务：

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager

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在所有NodeManager节点上启动NodeManager服务：

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager

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8. 验证集群状态

使用以下命令验证集群状态：

$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn1
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn2
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/yarn rmadmin -getServiceState rm1
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/yarn rmadmin -getServiceState rm2

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通过以上步骤，你可以在CentOS上配置一个高可用的HDFS集群。确保所有节点的时间同步，并且网络连接正常。

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