php语言如何使用 curl 库发送 HTTP 请求 php语言 curl 库应用的实用技巧方法

<?php

/**
 * 通用cURL请求函数
 * @param string $url 请求URL
 * @param array $params 请求参数 (GET或POST)
 * @param string $method 请求方法 (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE等)
 * @param array $headers 自定义请求头
 * @param int $timeout 超时时间（秒）
 * @return array 包含响应体、HTTP状态码、错误信息的数组
 */
function makeCurlRequest(
    string $url,
    array $params = [],
    string $method = 'GET',
    array $headers = [],
    int $timeout = 30
): array {
    $ch = curl_init(); // 初始化cURL会话

    // 根据请求方法设置URL和参数
    if (strtoupper($method) === 'GET' && !empty($params)) {
        $url .= '?' . http_build_query($params);
    }
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);

    // 设置返回响应体而不是直接输出
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
    // 设置连接和操作超时时间
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 10); // 连接超时
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, $timeout); // 操作超时

    // 处理POST、PUT等请求体
    switch (strtoupper($method)) {
        case 'POST':
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($params));
            break;
        case 'PUT':
        case 'DELETE':
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $method);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($params));
            break;
        // 更多方法可以按需添加
    }

    // 设置HTTP请求头
    if (!empty($headers)) {
        $formattedHeaders = [];
        foreach ($headers as $key => $value) {
            $formattedHeaders[] = "$key: $value";
        }
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $formattedHeaders);
    }

    // 重要的SSL/TLS验证设置，生产环境强烈建议开启
    // 多数情况下，如果目标是HTTPS，这两项应该设置为true，并确保系统CA证书是最新的。
    // 但在开发或特定内部网络，有时会暂时关闭，这其实是个安全隐患，需要特别注意。
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true); // 验证对等证书
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);   // 检查Common Name (CN) 和 Subject Alternate Name (SAN)

    $response = curl_exec($ch); // 执行cURL请求

    $httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE); // 获取HTTP状态码
    $errorNo = curl_errno($ch); // 获取错误码
    $errorMsg = curl_error($ch); // 获取错误信息

    curl_close($ch); // 关闭cURL会话

    return [
        'body' => $response,
        'http_code' => $httpCode,
        'error_no' => $errorNo,
        'error_msg' => $errorMsg,
    ];
}

// 示例用法：

// 1. 发送GET请求
$getParams = ['name' => 'Alice', 'age' => 30];
$getResponse = makeCurlRequest('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1', $getParams, 'GET');
if ($getResponse['error_no']) {
    echo "GET请求出错: " . $getResponse['error_msg'] . "\n";
} else {
    echo "GET请求成功，HTTP状态码: " . $getResponse['http_code'] . "\n";
    echo "响应体: " . $getResponse['body'] . "\n\n";
}

// 2. 发送POST请求
$postData = ['title' => 'foo', 'body' => 'bar', 'userId' => 1];
$postHeaders = ['Content-Type' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded']; // 默认form提交
$postResponse = makeCurlRequest('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts', $postData, 'POST', $postHeaders);
if ($postResponse['error_no']) {
    echo "POST请求出错: " . $postResponse['error_msg'] . "\n";
} else {
    echo "POST请求成功，HTTP状态码: " . $postResponse['http_code'] . "\n";
    echo "响应体: " . $postResponse['body'] . "\n\n";
}

// 3. 发送带JSON体的POST请求 (需要调整Content-Type和POSTFIELDS)
$jsonPostData = json_encode(['title' => 'json_foo', 'body' => 'json_bar', 'userId' => 1]);
$jsonPostHeaders = ['Content-Type' => 'application/json', 'Accept' => 'application/json'];

$chJson = curl_init('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts');
curl_setopt($chJson, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($chJson, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($chJson, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $jsonPostData); // 直接传递JSON字符串
curl_setopt($chJson, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $jsonPostHeaders);
curl_setopt($chJson, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true);
curl_setopt($chJson, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);

$jsonResponse = curl_exec($chJson);
$jsonHttpCode = curl_getinfo($chJson, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
$jsonErrorNo = curl_errno($chJson);
$jsonErrorMsg = curl_error($chJson);
curl_close($chJson);

if ($jsonErrorNo) {
    echo "JSON POST请求出错: " . $jsonErrorMsg . "\n";
} else {
    echo "JSON POST请求成功，HTTP状态码: " . $jsonHttpCode . "\n";
    echo "响应体: " . $jsonResponse . "\n\n";
}

?>

curl_errno()

curl_error()

curl_errno()

curl_error()

CURLOPT_TIMEOUT

CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT

CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER

CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST

true

false

CURLOPT_CAINFO

curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE)

curl_multi_*

curl_multi

CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT

CURLOPT_TIMEOUT

CURLOPT_ENCODING

""

"gzip,deflate"

CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER

CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST

// 示例：使用Cookie维持会话
$cookieFile = '/tmp/my_cookies.txt'; // 确保目录可写

// 登录请求，保存Cookie
$chLogin = curl_init('https://example.com/login');
curl_setopt($chLogin, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($chLogin, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($chLogin, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, ['username' => 'test', 'password' => 'pass']);
curl_setopt($chLogin, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $cookieFile); // 保存Cookie到文件
curl_exec($chLogin);
curl_close($chLogin);

// 访问需要登录的页面，带上之前保存的Cookie
$chProtected = curl_init('https://example.com/protected_page');
curl_setopt($chProtected, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($chProtected, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $cookieFile); // 从文件读取Cookie
$protectedPageContent = curl_exec($chProtected);
curl_close($chProtected);
echo $protectedPageContent;

// 文件上传示例 (PHP 5.5+)
$filePath = '/path/to/your/file.jpg'; // 确保文件存在且可读
if (class_exists('CURLFile')) {
    $cFile = new CURLFile($filePath, 'image/jpeg', 'my_image.jpg');
} else {
    // For PHP < 5.5
    $cFile = '@' . realpath($filePath) . ';type=image/jpeg;filename=my_image.jpg';
}

$uploadData = ['file_field_name' => $cFile, 'other_data' => 'some_value'];

$chUpload = curl_init('https://example.com/upload');
curl_setopt($chUpload, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($chUpload, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($chUpload, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $uploadData); // cURL会自动设置Content-Type为multipart/form-data
$uploadResponse = curl_exec($chUpload);
curl_close($chUpload);
echo $uploadResponse;