C++模板方法模式与代码复用实现

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

// 抽象基类：定义造车流程的骨架
class CarBuilder {
public:
    // 模板方法：定义了造车的固定流程，不可被子类重写
    void buildCar() {
        designCar();
        manufactureBody();
        installEngine();
        paintCar();
        testCar();
        // 这是一个钩子方法，子类可以选择性实现
        if (addOptionalFeatures()) {
            std::cout << "Adding optional features specific to " << getCarModel() << std::endl;
        }
        std::cout << getCarModel() << " car built successfully!\n" << std::endl;
    }

    // 纯虚函数：必须由子类实现的基本操作
    virtual void designCar() = 0;
    virtual void manufactureBody() = 0;
    virtual void installEngine() = 0;
    virtual void paintCar() = 0;
    virtual void testCar() = 0;

    // 钩子方法：有默认实现，子类可以选择性覆盖
    virtual bool addOptionalFeatures() {
        return false; // 默认不添加额外功能
    }

    // 辅助方法，用于获取模型名称
    virtual std::string getCarModel() const = 0;

    virtual ~CarBuilder() = default;
};

// 具体子类：实现轿车建造流程
class SedanCarBuilder : public CarBuilder {
public:
    void designCar() override {
        std::cout << "Designing a sleek Sedan model." << std::endl;
    }
    void manufactureBody() override {
        std::cout << "Manufacturing Sedan body with lightweight materials." << std::endl;
    }
    void installEngine() override {
        std::cout << "Installing a 1.5L turbocharged engine for Sedan." << std::endl;
    }
    void paintCar() override {
        std::cout << "Painting Sedan in metallic silver." << std::endl;
    }
    void testCar() override {
        std::cout << "Performing urban driving tests for Sedan." << std::endl;
    }
    bool addOptionalFeatures() override {
        std::cout << "Adding heated seats and panoramic sunroof for Sedan." << std::endl;
        return true; // 轿车默认添加额外功能
    }
    std::string getCarModel() const override {
        return "Sedan";
    }
};

// 具体子类：实现SUV建造流程
class SUVCarBuilder : public CarBuilder {
public:
    void designCar() override {
        std::cout << "Designing a robust SUV model with high ground clearance." << std::endl;
    }
    void manufactureBody() override {
        std::cout << "Manufacturing SUV body with reinforced steel frame." << std::endl;
    }
    void installEngine() override {
        std::cout << "Installing a 2.0L powerful engine for SUV." << std::endl;
    }
    void paintCar() override {
        std::cout << "Painting SUV in matte black." << std::endl;
    }
    void testCar() override {
        std::cout << "Performing off-road and safety tests for SUV." << std::endl;
    }
    std::string getCarModel() const override {
        return "SUV";
    }
    // SUV不添加可选功能，使用默认实现（即不覆盖addOptionalFeatures）
};

/*
// 示例用法
int main() {
    std::cout << "--- Building a Sedan ---" << std::endl;
    CarBuilder* sedanBuilder = new SedanCarBuilder();
    sedanBuilder->buildCar();

    std::cout << "--- Building an SUV ---" << std::endl;
    CarBuilder* suvBuilder = new SUVCarBuilder();
    suvBuilder->buildCar();

    delete sedanBuilder;
    delete suvBuilder;
    return 0;
}
*/

CarBuilder

buildCar

designCar

manufactureBody

SedanCarBuilder

SUVCarBuilder

addOptionalFeatures

SedanCarBuilder

buildCar

ElectricCarBuilder

designCar

installEngine

buildCar