Tkinter GUI开发实战：从“藏钻石”游戏看按钮命令绑定与调试技巧

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox as msgBox
import sys
import random

# 全局变量，用于存储钻石位置和猜测次数
diamond = 0
guesses = 0

# 创建主窗口
window = tk.Tk()
window.resizable(0, 0) # 禁止调整窗口大小
window.title("Find The Diamond")
window.configure(bg="light sea green")

# 创建10个数字按钮
buttons = []
for i in range(1, 11):
    # 初始状态为禁用，直到游戏开始
    btn = tk.Button(window, text=str(i), width=10, height=3, fg="white", state=tk.DISABLED)
    buttons.append(btn)

# 设置按钮的背景颜色（示例，可根据需要调整）
colors = ["red", "blue", "gold", "dark green", "dark orange",
          "dark turquoise", "brown", "magenta", "medium purple", "lawn green"]
for i, btn in enumerate(buttons):
    btn.configure(bg=colors[i])

# 创建“藏钻石”按钮
diamond_button = tk.Button(window, text="Hide The Diamond", width=15, height=3, bg="coral", fg="white")

# 创建说明标签
instructions_label = tk.Label(window, text="点击 'Hide The Diamond' 按钮开始游戏。然后，点击你认为钻石藏匿的方块。你有三次猜测机会。",
                              wraplength=300, justify=tk.LEFT, anchor=tk.W, bg="light sea green")

# 使用grid布局管理器定位控件
for i, btn in enumerate(buttons):
    row = 0 if i < 5 else 1
    col = i % 5
    btn.grid(row=row, column=col, padx=10, pady=20 if row == 0 else 0) # 第一行按钮增加pady

diamond_button.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=tk.W, padx=10, pady=20)
instructions_label.grid(row=2, column=2, columnspan=3, sticky=tk.W, padx=10)

# 假设定义了函数：
def oneC():
    boxNumber = 1
    checkGuess(boxNumber)

# 错误的绑定方式：
Box1.configure(command=onec) # 注意这里是小写 'c'

# 定义函数：
def oneC():
    boxNumber = 1
    checkGuess(boxNumber)

# 正确的绑定方式：
Box1.configure(command=oneC) # 这里是大写 'C'，与函数定义一致

# 优化后的事件处理函数定义
def checkGuess(box_number_clicked):
    global guesses, diamond # 声明全局变量以便修改
    if box_number_clicked == diamond:
        yesNo = msgBox.askyesno("恭喜！", "你找到了钻石！要再玩一次吗？")
        if yesNo: # askyesno返回True/False
            hideDiamond()
        else:
            sys.exit()
    else:
        msgBox.showinfo("不是这里", "很抱歉，再试一次。")
        guesses += 1
        if guesses >= 3:
            msgBox.showinfo("猜测机会用尽",
                             f"你已经没有猜测机会了。\n钻石藏在 {diamond} 号盒子中。")
            yesNo = msgBox.askyesno("再玩一次？", "你还想再玩一次吗？")
            if yesNo:
                hideDiamond()
            else:
                sys.exit()

def hideDiamond():
    global guesses, diamond
    guesses = 0
    diamond = random.randint(1, 10) # 随机选择一个1到10的数字作为钻石位置
    msgBox.showinfo("钻石已藏好！", "钻石已被藏起来了！祝你好运。")
    # 启用所有数字按钮
    for btn in buttons:
        btn.configure(state=tk.NORMAL)
    diamond_button.configure(state=tk.DISABLED) # 禁用“藏钻石”按钮

# 优化后的事件绑定
for i, btn in enumerate(buttons):
    # 使用lambda表达式将按钮的序号传递给checkGuess函数
    btn.configure(command=lambda num=i+1: checkGuess(num))

diamond_button.configure(command=hideDiamond) # 绑定“藏钻石”按钮的命令

# 确保在主循环开始前调用hideDiamond，以初始化游戏状态
# 否则，首次启动时，hideDiamond_button未点击，数字按钮会一直处于DISABLED状态。
# 也可以选择让用户点击一次hideDiamond_button来启动游戏
# 这里我们让hideDiamond_button在初始时处于NORMAL，让用户点击它来启动游戏。
# 初始时数字按钮是DISABLED，所以需要用户先点击hideDiamond_button
diamond_button.configure(state=tk.NORMAL)

# 启动Tkinter事件循环
window.mainloop()