初学者如何用Java做一个通讯录管理程序

public class Contact {
    private String name;
    private String phone;
    private String email;
<pre class='brush:java;toolbar:false;'>public Contact(String name, String phone, String email) {
    this.name = name;
    this.phone = phone;
    this.email = email;
}

// Getter 和 Setter 方法
public String getName() { return name; }
public String getPhone() { return phone; }
public String getEmail() { return email; }

@Override
public String toString() {
    return "姓名：" + name + " | 电话：" + phone + " | 邮箱：" + email;
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
<p>public class AddressBook {
private ArrayList<Contact> contacts;</p><pre class='brush:java;toolbar:false;'>public AddressBook() {
    contacts = new ArrayList<>();
}

// 添加联系人
public void addContact(Contact contact) {
    contacts.add(contact);
    System.out.println("已添加：" + contact.getName());
}
<p>// 显示所有联系人
public void listAll() {
if (contacts.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("通讯录为空！");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < contacts.size(); i++) {
System.out.println((i+1) + ". " + contacts.get(i));
}
}</p><p>// 按姓名查找
public Contact findByName(String name) {
for (Contact c : contacts) {
if (c.getName().equals(name)) {
return c;
}
}
return null;
}</p><p>// 删除联系人
public boolean deleteContact(String name) {
Contact c = findByName(name);
if (c != null) {
contacts.remove(c);
System.out.println("已删除：" + name);
return true;
} else {
System.out.println("未找到联系人：" + name);
return false;
}
}</p>

import java.io.*;
<p>public void saveToFile(String filename) throws IOException {
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(filename));
for (Contact c : contacts) {
writer.println(c.getName() + "," + c.getPhone() + "," + c.getEmail());
}
writer.close();
}</p><p>public void loadFromFile(String filename) throws IOException {
File file = new File(filename);
if (!file.exists()) return;</p><pre class='brush:java;toolbar:false;'>BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    String[] parts = line.split(",");
    if (parts.length == 3) {
        Contact c = new Contact(parts[0], parts[1], parts[2]);
        contacts.add(c);
    }
}
reader.close();

import java.util.Scanner;
<p>public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AddressBook book = new AddressBook();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String filename = "contacts.txt";</p><pre class='brush:java;toolbar:false;'>    try {
        book.loadFromFile(filename);
        System.out.println("已加载 " + book.getCount() + " 条联系人");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("加载失败：" + e.getMessage());
    }

    while (true) {
        System.out.println("\n--- 通讯录菜单 ---");
        System.out.println("1. 添加联系人");
        System.out.println("2. 查看所有");
        System.out.println("3. 搜索联系人");
        System.out.println("4. 删除联系人");
        System.out.println("5. 保存并退出");
        System.out.print("请选择：");

        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        scanner.nextLine(); // 消费换行符

        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                System.out.print("姓名："); String name = scanner.nextLine();
                System.out.print("电话："); String phone = scanner.nextLine();
                System.out.print("邮箱："); String email = scanner.nextLine();
                book.addContact(new Contact(name, phone, email));
                break;
            case 2:
                book.listAll();
                break;
            case 3:
                System.out.print("输入姓名：");
                String searchName = scanner.nextLine();
                Contact found = book.findByName(searchName);
                if (found != null) {
                    System.out.println("找到：" + found);
                } else {
                    System.out.println("未找到");
                }
                break;
            case 4:
                System.out.print("输入要删除的姓名：");
                String delName = scanner.nextLine();
                book.deleteContact(delName);
                break;
            case 5:
                try {
                    book.saveToFile(filename);
                    System.out.println("数据已保存！");
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    System.out.println("保存失败：" + e.getMessage());
                }
                System.out.println("再见！");
                scanner.close();
                return;
            default:
                System.out.println("无效选择！");
        }
    }
}