Laravel如何实现数据库Seeding_数据库初始数据填充

php artisan make:seeder

UserSeeder

run()

DB

DB::table('users')->insert([...])

database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php

php artisan db:seed

DatabaseSeeder

php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

DB::table('table_name')->insert([...])

App\Models\Post

php artisan make:factory PostFactory --model=Post

database/factories/PostFactory.php

definition()

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

class PostFactory extends Factory
{
    /**
     * The name of the factory's corresponding model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $model = Post::class;

    /**
     * Define the model's default state.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'user_id' => \App\Models\User::factory(), // 关联一个用户，如果UserFactory不存在，会报错
            'title' => $this->faker->sentence(rand(3, 8)), // 随机生成3到8个单词的句子作为标题
            'slug' => $this->faker->unique()->slug(), // 唯一的URL友好字符串
            'body' => $this->faker->paragraphs(rand(3, 7), true), // 随机生成3到7段的文本
            'published_at' => $this->faker->boolean(80) ? $this->faker->dateTimeBetween('-1 year', 'now') : null, // 80%的几率是已发布
            'created_at' => $this->faker->dateTimeBetween('-2 years', '-1 year'),
            'updated_at' => $this->faker->dateTimeBetween('-1 year', 'now'),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Indicate that the post is unpublished.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory
     */
    public function unpublished()
    {
        return $this->state(function (array $attributes) {
            return [
                'published_at' => null,
            ];
        });
    }
}

$this->faker

sentence()

paragraphs()

email()

name()

state

unpublished()

// database/seeders/PostSeeder.php
use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class PostSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run()
    {
        // 创建50篇已发布的文章，并为每篇文章关联一个新用户
        Post::factory()->count(50)->create();

        // 创建10篇未发布的文章
        Post::factory()->count(10)->unpublished()->create();

        // 也可以指定特定用户创建文章
        $user = \App\Models\User::find(1);
        Post::factory()->for($user)->count(5)->create();
    }
}

count()

create()

for()

posts

user_id

users

DatabaseSeeder.php

// database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php
public function run()
{
    // 确保UserSeeder在外键依赖它的Seeder之前运行
    $this->call([
        UserSeeder::class,
        PostSeeder::class,
        // ...其他Seeder
    ]);
}

db:seed

Model::factory()->create()

// Example: ConfigSeeder.php
if (!\App\Models\Setting::where('key', 'site_name')->exists()) {
    \App\Models\Setting::create(['key' => 'site_name', 'value' => 'My Awesome Site']);
}

create()

insert()

make()

insert()

$posts = Post::factory()->count(10000)->make()->toArray();
DB::table('posts')->insert($posts);

run()

if (app()->environment('local')) {
    // 只在本地环境运行的代码
}

DatabaseSeeder