Golang日志与错误结合调试程序技巧

fmt.Println

log

uber-go/zap

sirupsen/logrus

zap

logrus

zap

zap.Field

package main

import (
    "errors"
    "fmt"
    "go.uber.org/zap"
)

var (
    ErrInvalidInput = errors.New("invalid input parameter")
    ErrDatabase     = errors.New("database operation failed")
)

func main() {
    logger, _ := zap.NewProduction() // 或者 zap.NewDevelopment()
    defer logger.Sync()              // 确保所有缓冲日志被写入

    if err := processRequest("user123", -5); err != nil {
        logger.Error("Failed to process request",
            zap.String("user_id", "user123"),
            zap.Int("amount", -5),
            zap.Error(err), // zap.Error 会自动处理错误链
        )
    }

    if err := fetchDataFromDB("item456"); err != nil {
        logger.Error("Database operation error",
            zap.String("item_id", "item456"),
            zap.Error(err),
        )
    }
}

func processRequest(userID string, amount int) error {
    if amount < 0 {
        return fmt.Errorf("process request for %s: %w", userID, ErrInvalidInput)
    }
    // 模拟一些业务逻辑
    return nil
}

func fetchDataFromDB(itemID string) error {
    // 模拟数据库操作失败
    return fmt.Errorf("fetch data for %s from db: %w", itemID, ErrDatabase)
}

zap.String

zap.Int

user_id

amount

fmt.Errorf

%w

return errors.New("failed to do something: " + err.Error())

fmt.Errorf("failed to do something: %w", err)

package main

import (
    "errors"
    "fmt"
    "go.uber.org/zap"
)

var ErrExternalService = errors.New("external service call failed")

func callExternalAPI(id string) error {
    // 模拟外部服务调用失败
    return fmt.Errorf("http request failed for id %s: %w", id, ErrExternalService)
}

func processOrder(orderID string) error {
    if err := callExternalAPI(orderID); err != nil {
        // 在这里包装错误，添加业务层面的上下文
        return fmt.Errorf("failed to process order %s due to external service: %w", orderID, err)
    }
    return nil
}

func main() {
    logger, _ := zap.NewDevelopment()
    defer logger.Sync()

    orderID := "ORDER_XYZ"
    if err := processOrder(orderID); err != nil {
        // 在最外层处理错误时，记录详细信息
        logger.Error("Application error during order processing",
            zap.String("order_id", orderID),
            zap.Error(err), // zap.Error 会自动展开错误链
            zap.String("root_cause", errors.Unwrap(err).Error()), // 也可以手动获取根因
        )

        // 检查特定错误类型
        if errors.Is(err, ErrExternalService) {
            logger.Warn("External service issue detected, potentially retryable",
                zap.String("order_id", orderID))
        }
    }
}

processOrder

callExternalAPI

%w

main

zap.Error(err)

Unwrap

errors.Is

errors.As

ErrExternalService

Warn

Debug

Info

Warn

Error

Fatal

Debug

Info

Warn

Error

Fatal

Error

Warn

nil