Golang使用Chi框架简化路由管理实践

net/http

net/http.ServeMux

go get github.com/go-chi/chi/v5

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "strconv" // 用于类型转换

    "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
    "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5/middleware"
)

func main() {
    r := chi.NewRouter()

    // 全局中间件，例如请求ID、日志、恢复panic
    r.Use(middleware.RequestID)
    r.Use(middleware.Logger)
    r.Use(middleware.Recoverer) // 捕获panic并返回500错误
    r.Use(middleware.URLFormat) // 自动处理URL末尾斜杠

    // 定义路由
    r.Get("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        w.Write([]byte("欢迎来到我的Golang Chi实践！"))
    })

    r.Get("/articles/{category}/{id}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        category := chi.URLParam(r, "category")
        idStr := chi.URLParam(r, "id")

        // 简单的参数校验和转换
        id, err := strconv.Atoi(idStr)
        if err != nil {
            http.Error(w, "文章ID格式不正确", http.StatusBadRequest)
            return
        }

        w.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("你正在查看 %s 类别下的文章，ID是 %d", category, id)))
    })

    r.Post("/users", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        w.Write([]byte("创建用户成功！"))
    })

    // 路由分组
    r.Group(func(adminRouter chi.Router) {
        adminRouter.Use(authMiddleware) // 对所有/admin/*路由应用认证中间件
        adminRouter.Get("/admin/dashboard", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
            w.Write([]byte("欢迎来到管理员后台！"))
        })
        adminRouter.Post("/admin/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
            w.Write([]byte("管理员设置已更新！"))
        })
    })

    // 自定义404和405错误处理器
    r.NotFound(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        http.Error(w, "请求的资源不存在", http.StatusNotFound)
    })
    r.MethodNotAllowed(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        http.Error(w, "请求的方法不被允许", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
    })

    fmt.Println("服务器正在监听 :3000")
    http.ListenAndServe(":3000", r)
}

// 示例认证中间件
func authMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        // 这里可以实现你的认证逻辑
        // 比如检查Header中的Token
        token := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
        if token != "Bearer mysecrettoken" {
            http.Error(w, "未经授权", http.StatusUnauthorized)
            return
        }
        next.ServeHTTP(r.Context(), w, r) // 注意这里，Chi v5 的中间件签名是 http.Handler
    })
}

ServeMux

net/http

net/http.ServeMux

/users/{id}

net/http

ServeMux

r.Group()

r.Use()

r.Group()

// 假设这是我们的主路由器
r := chi.NewRouter()

// ... 全局中间件 ...

// 用户API分组
r.Group(func(