Go语言中解析XML多项数据的实战指南

<rss version="2.0">
  <channel>
    <title>Example RSS Feed</title>
    <link>http://example.com</link>
    <description>A sample RSS feed.</description>
    <item>
      <title>First Item Title</title>
      <link>http://example.com/item1</link>
      <description>Description of the first item.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Second Item Title</title>
      <link>http://example.com/item2</link>
      <description>Description of the second item.</description>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>

package main

import (
    "encoding/xml"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

// RSS represents the root element of an RSS feed.
type RSS struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"rss"`     // Stores the XML element name "rss"
    Version string   `xml:"version,attr"` // Parses the "version" attribute of "rss"
    Channel Channel  `xml:"channel"` // Maps to the "channel" element
}

// Channel represents the channel element within an RSS feed.
type Channel struct {
    XMLName     xml.Name `xml:"channel"`       // Stores the XML element name "channel"
    Title       string   `xml:"title"`         // Maps to the "title" element
    Link        string   `xml:"link"`          // Maps to the "link" element
    Description string   `xml:"description"`   // Maps to the "description" element
    Items       []Item   `xml:"item"`          // Maps to a slice of "item" elements
}

// Item represents a single item within an RSS channel.
type Item struct {
    XMLName     xml.Name `xml:"item"`          // Stores the XML element name "item"
    Title       string   `xml:"title"`         // Maps to the "title" element
    Link        string   `xml:"link"`          // Maps to the "link" element
    Description string   `xml:"description"`   // Maps to the "description" element
    // 可根据需要添加其他字段，例如 PubDate string `xml:"pubDate"`
}

func main() {
    // 示例RSS源，请确保URL有效且返回XML数据
    rssURL := "http://news.google.com/news?hl=en&gl=us&q=samsung&um=1&ie=UTF-8&output=rss"

    // 1. 发起HTTP GET请求获取RSS数据
    resp, err := http.Get(rssURL)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to fetch RSS feed: %v", err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close() // 确保在函数结束时关闭响应体

    if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to fetch RSS feed, status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
    }

    // 2. 读取响应体内容
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to read response body: %v", err)
    }

    // 3. 初始化RSS结构体并进行XML反序列化
    var rssFeed RSS
    err = xml.Unmarshal(body, &rssFeed)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to unmarshal XML: %v", err)
    }

    // 4. 打印解析结果
    fmt.Printf("RSS Feed Version: %s\n", rssFeed.Version)
    fmt.Printf("Channel Title: %s\n", rssFeed.Channel.Title)
    fmt.Printf("Channel Link: %s\n", rssFeed.Channel.Link)
    fmt.Printf("Total Items: %d\n", len(rssFeed.Channel.Items))

    fmt.Println("\n--- Parsed RSS Items ---")
    for i, item := range rssFeed.Channel.Items {
        fmt.Printf("Item %d:\n", i+1)
        fmt.Printf("  Title: %s\n", item.Title)
        fmt.Printf("  Link: %s\n", item.Link)
        // fmt.Printf("  Description: %s\n", item.Description) // 描述可能很长，按需打印
        fmt.Println("------------------------")
    }
}