Python用户输入处理：安全转换整数与浮点数的实践指南

givenInfo = input("please enter an the information you were given about the element, and I will enter the info for it:")

if len(givenInfo) <= 2:
    givenInfo = givenInfo.capitalize()
if len(givenInfo) <= 3 and givenInfo.isdigit() == True:
    givenInfo = int(givenInfo)
# elif len(givenInfo) > 3 and givenInfo.isdigit() == True:
#    givenInfo = float(givenInfo) # 此行被注释，且isdigit()无法识别浮点数

if givenInfo.isdigit():
    givenInfo = int(givenInfo)

elif givenInfo.replace('.', '', 1).isdigit():
    givenInfo = float(givenInfo)

givenInfo = input("请您输入已知的元素信息（如：C, 6, 12.011, carbon）：")

if givenInfo.isdigit():
    # 如果是纯数字字符串，尝试转换为整数
    givenInfo = int(givenInfo)
elif givenInfo.replace('.', '', 1).isdigit():
    # 如果包含一个小数点且移除小数点后是纯数字，尝试转换为浮点数
    givenInfo = float(givenInfo)
else:
    # 否则，视为普通字符串处理，例如首字母大写
    givenInfo = givenInfo.capitalize()

print(f"输入经过处理后的类型为: {type(givenInfo)}, 值为: {givenInfo}")

from periodicTable import elements # 假设 periodicTable 模块和 elements 字典已定义

# 假设 elements 字典结构如下 (为清晰起见，此处使用字典而非集合作为值)
# elements = {
#     'hydrogen': {'name': 'hydrogen', 'symbol': 'H', 'atomNum': 1, 'atomMass': 1.0080},
#     'helium': {'name': 'helium', 'symbol': 'He', 'atomNum': 2, 'atomMass': 4.0026},
#     'carbon': {'name': 'carbon', 'symbol': 'C', 'atomNum': 6, 'atomMass': 12.011}
# }

givenInfo = input("请您输入已知的元素信息（如：C, 6, 12.011, carbon）：")

# 核心输入类型转换逻辑
if givenInfo.isdigit():
    givenInfo = int(givenInfo)
elif givenInfo.replace('.', '', 1).isdigit():
    givenInfo = float(givenInfo)
else:
    # 对于字符串输入，可以根据需要进行进一步处理，例如统一大小写
    if len(givenInfo) <= 2: # 假设短字符串可能是符号，统一大写
        givenInfo = givenInfo.capitalize()
    else: # 假设长字符串是名称，统一小写或首字母大写
        givenInfo = givenInfo.lower() # 或者 givenInfo.capitalize()

print(f"处理后的输入信息: {givenInfo} (类型: {type(givenInfo)})")

# 以下是原始代码中用于查询和分配值的逻辑
# 注意：原始代码的elements字典值是集合，集合是无序的，且不能通过键访问。
# 如果要实现可靠的查询，建议将elements字典的值改为字典或列表。
# 这里假设 elements 字典的值已经调整为可查询的结构，例如：
# elements = {
#     'hydrogen': {'name': 'hydrogen', 'symbol': 'H', 'atomic_number': 1, 'atomic_mass': 1.0080},
#     # ...
# }

result_element_data = {}
found = False

# 遍历字典进行查找
for element_name, element_details in elements.items():
    # 检查 givenInfo 是否匹配任何一个已知属性
    if givenInfo == element_name or \
       (isinstance(givenInfo, str) and 'symbol' in element_details and givenInfo == element_details['symbol']) or \
       (isinstance(givenInfo, int) and 'atomic_number' in element_details and givenInfo == element_details['atomic_number']) or \
       (isinstance(givenInfo, float) and 'atomic_mass' in element_details and givenInfo == element_details['atomic_mass']):

        result_element_data = element_details
        found = True
        break

if found:
    print("\n找到的元素信息：")
    for key, value in result_element_data.items():
        print(f"{key.replace('_', ' ').capitalize()}: {value}")
else:
    print("\n未找到匹配的元素信息。")

elements = {
    'hydrogen': {'name': 'hydrogen', 'symbol': 'H', 'atomic_number': 1, 'atomic_mass': 1.0080},
    'helium': {'name': 'helium', 'symbol': 'He', 'atomic_number': 2, 'atomic_mass': 4.0026},
    'carbon': {'name': 'carbon', 'symbol': 'C', 'atomic_number': 6, 'atomic_mass': 12.011}
}