如何在JavaScript对象方法中调用其他方法并管理this上下文

const restaurant = {
  name: 'Classico Italiano',
  location: 'Via Angelo Tavanti 23, Firenze, Italy',
  categories: ['Italian', 'Pizzeria', 'Vegetarian', 'Organic'],
  starterMenu: ['Focaccia', 'Bruschetta', 'Garlic Bread', 'Caprese Salad'],
  mainMenu: ['Pizza', 'Pasta', 'Risotto'],
  openingHours: {
    thu: { open: 12, close: 22 },
    fri: { open: 11, close: 23 },
    sat: { open: 0, close: 24 },
  },

  // 接收开胃菜和主菜索引，返回对应的菜品名称数组
  order: function (starterIndex, mainIndex) {
    return [this.starterMenu[starterIndex], this.mainMenu[mainIndex]];
  },

  // 接收订单详情，并在内部调用 order 方法获取菜品名称
  orderDelivery: function({ starterIndex, mainIndex, time, address }) {
    // 使用 this.order() 调用内部的 order 方法，获取菜品名称
    const [starterItem, mainItem] = this.order(starterIndex, mainIndex); 

    console.log(`Order received! ${starterItem} and ${mainItem} will be delivered to ${address} at ${time}`);
  }
};

// 调用 orderDelivery，传入索引、时间、地址
restaurant.orderDelivery({
  starterIndex: 2, // 对应 'Garlic Bread'
  mainIndex: 1,    // 对应 'Pasta'
  time: '22:30',
  address: 'Via del Sole, 21',
});

// 输出: Order received! Garlic Bread and Pasta will be delivered to Via del Sole, 21 at 22:30

const restaurantWithPrecomputedOrder = {
  name: 'Classico Italiano',
  location: 'Via Angelo Tavanti 23, Firenze, Italy',
  categories: ['Italian', 'Pizzeria', 'Vegetarian', 'Organic'],
  starterMenu: ['Focaccia', 'Bruschetta', 'Garlic Bread', 'Caprese Salad'],
  mainMenu: ['Pizza', 'Pasta', 'Risotto'],
  openingHours: {
    thu: { open: 12, close: 22 },
    fri: { open: 11, close: 23 },
    sat: { open: 0, close: 24 },
  },

  order: function (starterIndex, mainIndex) {
    return [this.starterMenu[starterIndex], this.mainMenu[mainIndex]];
  },

  // 接收预计算好的菜品数组
  orderDelivery: function({ orderItems, time, address }) {
    const [starterItem, mainItem] = orderItems; // 直接使用传入的菜品数组
    console.log(`Order received! ${starterItem} and ${mainItem} will be delivered to ${address} at ${time}`);
  }
};

// 在外部先调用 order 方法获取菜品
const myOrderItems = restaurantWithPrecomputedOrder.order(2, 1); // ['Garlic Bread', 'Pasta']

// 将预计算好的菜品数组传递给 orderDelivery
restaurantWithPrecomputedOrder.orderDelivery({
  orderItems: myOrderItems, // 传递菜品数组
  time: '22:30',
  address: 'Via del Sole, 21',
});

// 输出: Order received! Garlic Bread and Pasta will be delivered to Via del Sole, 21 at 22:30

// 独立定义的订单函数
function genericOrder(starterIndex, mainIndex) {
    // 这里的 this 必须在绑定后才能正确指向 restaurant
    return [this.starterMenu[starterIndex], this.mainMenu[mainIndex]];
}

// 独立定义的配送函数
function genericDelivery(parameters) {
  // 这里的 this 必须在绑定后才能正确指向 restaurant
  // 注意：此处的 genericDelivery 仍需直接访问 starterIndex 和 mainIndex
  // 如果需要调用 genericOrder，则需要 this.order(parameters.starterIndex, parameters.mainIndex)
  console.log(`Order received! ${this.starterMenu[parameters.starterIndex]} and ${this.mainMenu[parameters.mainIndex]} will be delivered to ${parameters.address} at ${parameters.time}`);
}

const restaurantWithBoundMethods = {
  name: 'Classico Italiano',
  location: 'Via Angelo Tavanti 23, Firenze, Italy',
  categories: ['Italian', 'Pizzeria', 'Vegetarian', 'Organic'],
  starterMenu: ['Focaccia', 'Bruschetta', 'Garlic Bread', 'Caprese Salad'],
  mainMenu: ['Pizza', 'Pasta', 'Risotto'],
  openingHours: {
    thu: { open: 12, close: 22 },
    fri: { open: 11, close: 23 },
    sat: { open: 0, close: 24 },
  },
  // ... 其他属性
};

// 使用 bind() 将外部函数绑定为 restaurant 对象的方法
restaurantWithBoundMethods.order = genericOrder.bind(restaurantWithBoundMethods);
restaurantWithBoundMethods.orderDelivery = genericDelivery.bind(restaurantWithBoundMethods);

// 现在可以像调用对象内部方法一样调用它们
const myOrder = restaurantWithBoundMethods.order(2, 1); // 调用绑定的 order 方法

restaurantWithBoundMethods.orderDelivery({
  time: '22:30',
  address: 'Via del Sole, 21',
  mainIndex: 0, // 仍然需要直接传递索引
  starterIndex: 2,
});

// 输出: Order received! Garlic Bread and Pizza will be delivered to Via del Sole, 21 at 22:30

// 修改后的 genericDelivery，内部调用 this.order
function genericDeliveryImproved(parameters) {
  // 确保 this.order 已经被绑定到对象
  const [starterItem, mainItem] = this.order(parameters.starterIndex, parameters.mainIndex); 
  console.log(`Order received! ${starterItem} and ${mainItem} will be delivered to ${parameters.address} at ${parameters.time}`);
}

// 重新绑定
restaurantWithBoundMethods.orderDelivery = genericDeliveryImproved.bind(restaurantWithBoundMethods);

// 再次调用，现在 orderDelivery 内部会调用 order
restaurantWithBoundMethods.orderDelivery({
  time: '22:30',
  address: 'Via del Sole, 21',
  mainIndex: 1, // 对应 'Pasta'
  starterIndex: 2, // 对应 'Garlic Bread'
});

// 输出: Order received! Garlic Bread and Pasta will be delivered to Via del Sole, 21 at 22:30