在Java中如何使用自定义RuntimeException处理业务逻辑_自定义运行时异常实践经验

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
    private final String code;
    private final Object[] args;

    public BusinessException(String code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
        this.args = new Object[0];
    }

    public BusinessException(String code, String message, Object... args) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
        this.args = args;
    }

    // getter方法
    public String getCode() { return code; }
    public Object[] getArgs() { return args; }
}

public enum BusinessError {
    USER_NOT_FOUND("USER-001", "用户不存在，ID: %s"),
    INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE("PAY-002", "余额不足，当前余额: %.2f");

    private final String code;
    private final String message;

    BusinessError(String code, String message) {
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }

    public BusinessException exception(Object... args) {
        return new BusinessException(code, String.format(message, args), args);
    }

    // getter
}

@Service
public class UserService {
    public void transferMoney(Long fromUserId, Long toUserId, BigDecimal amount) {
        User sender = userRepository.findById(fromUserId)
            .orElseThrow(() -> BusinessError.USER_NOT_FOUND.exception(fromUserId));

        if (sender.getBalance().compareTo(amount) < 0) {
            throw BusinessError.INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE.exception(sender.getBalance());
        }

        // 执行转账逻辑
    }
}

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleBusinessException(BusinessException e) {
        ErrorResponse response = new ErrorResponse(e.getCode(), e.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(response);
    }
}

{
  "code": "PAY-002",
  "message": "余额不足，当前余额: 50.00"
}