解决Spring Boot应用访问RabbitMQ管理API的401未授权问题

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationReadyEvent;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.client.support.BasicAuthorizationInterceptor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.client.HttpClientErrorException;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Component
public class StartupApiAccessComponent implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationReadyEvent> {

    // 从application.properties中注入RabbitMQ管理API的URL
    @Value("${rabbitmq-api-url}")
    private String rabbitmqApiUrl;

    // 从application.properties中注入RabbitMQ的用户名
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
    private String rabbitmqUsername;

    // 从application.properties中注入RabbitMQ的密码
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
    private String rabbitmqPassword;

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationReadyEvent event) {
        // 创建RestTemplate实例
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

        // 为RestTemplate添加Basic认证拦截器
        // 这将确保每个由该RestTemplate发出的请求都包含Basic认证头
        restTemplate.getInterceptors().add(
            new BasicAuthorizationInterceptor(rabbitmqUsername, rabbitmqPassword));

        try {
            // 尝试获取所有队列信息
            String queuesEndpoint = rabbitmqApiUrl + "queues";
            ResponseEntity<String> queuesResponse = restTemplate.getForEntity(queuesEndpoint, String.class);
            System.out.println("成功获取队列信息 (HTTP Status: " + queuesResponse.getStatusCode() + "): " + queuesResponse.getBody());

            // 尝试获取所有交换器信息
            String exchangesEndpoint = rabbitmqApiUrl + "exchanges";
            ResponseEntity<String> exchangesResponse = restTemplate.getForEntity(exchangesEndpoint, String.class);
            System.out.println("成功获取交换器信息 (HTTP Status: " + exchangesResponse.getStatusCode() + "): " + exchangesResponse.getBody());

        } catch (HttpClientErrorException.Unauthorized e) {
            // 捕获401未授权异常
            System.err.println("错误：401 Unauthorized。请检查RabbitMQ管理API的用户名和密码是否正确，并确认管理插件已启用。");
            System.err.println("详细错误信息: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (HttpClientErrorException e) {
            // 捕获其他HTTP客户端错误
            System.err.println("HTTP客户端错误 (状态码: " + e.getStatusCode() + "): " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 捕获其他通用异常
            System.err.println("在访问RabbitMQ管理API时发生未知错误: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

# RabbitMQ AMQP连接配置 (与API访问无关，但通常会配置)
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest

# RabbitMQ管理API的URL
# 注意：默认的管理插件端口是15672。如果您的RabbitMQ管理界面在其他端口，请相应调整。
# 示例中使用了8080，请确保您的RabbitMQ管理插件确实配置在该端口。
rabbitmq-api-url = http://localhost:8080/api/