在Python环境中运行Go代码：可行性与实践

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    if len(os.Args) > 1 {
        fmt.Printf("Hello from Go! Received argument: %s
", os.Args[1])
    } else {
        fmt.Println("Hello from Go!")
    }
}

import subprocess
import os

def run_go_application_from_source(go_file_path, *args):
    """
    通过 'go run' 命令执行Go源文件并返回其标准输出。
    此方法要求系统中安装了Go编译器环境。
    :param go_file_path: Go源文件路径 (e.g., "file.go")
    :param args: 传递给Go程序的命令行参数
    :return: Go程序的标准输出 (str)
    :raises subprocess.CalledProcessError: 如果Go程序返回非零退出码
    :raises FileNotFoundError: 如果 'go' 命令或Go文件未找到
    """
    try:
        command = ["go", "run", go_file_path] + list(args)
        # text=True (Python 3.7+) 将输出解码为字符串，默认为系统默认编码
        output = subprocess.check_output(command, text=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        return output.strip()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print(f"Error running Go program (return code {e.returncode}):")
        print(f"Stdout: {e.stdout}")
        print(f"Stderr: {e.stderr}")
        raise
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("Error: 'go' command not found. Please ensure Go is installed and in your system PATH.")
        raise

def run_compiled_go_application(compiled_go_path, *args):
    """
    运行一个预编译的Go可执行文件并返回其标准输出。
    此方法适用于生产环境，无需Go编译器。
    :param compiled_go_path: 编译后的Go可执行文件路径 (e.g., "./my_go_app" 或 "my_go_app.exe")
    :param args: 传递给Go程序的命令行参数
    :return: Go程序的标准输出 (str)
    :raises subprocess.CalledProcessError: 如果Go程序返回非零退出码
    :raises FileNotFoundError: 如果编译后的Go应用程序未找到
    """
    try:
        command = [compiled_go_path] + list(args)
        output = subprocess.check_output(command, text=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        return output.strip()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print(f"Error running compiled Go program (return code {e.returncode}):")
        print(f"Stdout: {e.stdout}")
        print(f"Stderr: {e.stderr}")
        raise
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"Error: Compiled Go application not found at '{compiled_go_path}'. Please check the path.")
        raise

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 确保 file.go 存在于当前目录
    go_source_file = "file.go"
    if not os.path.exists(go_source_file):
        print(f"Warning: '{go_source_file}' not found. Please create it for the examples to work.")
        # 创建一个简单的 file.go 以便演示
        with open(go_source_file, "w") as f:
            f.write("""package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
)
func main() {
    if len(os.Args) > 1 {
        fmt.Printf("Hello from Go! Received argument: %s\n", os.Args[1])
    } else {
        fmt.Println("Hello from Go!")
    }
}""")
        print(f"'{go_source_file}' created.")

    # 示例1: 使用 'go run' 执行Go源文件
    print("--- Running Go source file via 'go run' ---")
    try:
        result_from_source = run_go_application_from_source(go_source_file, "PythonCaller")
        print(f"Go program output (go run): {result_from_source}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Failed to run Go source: {e}")

    # 示例2: 预编译Go程序并执行
    # 首先，在命令行中编译Go程序: go build -o my_go_app file.go
    # 然后，运行Python脚本
    print("
--- Running compiled Go application ---")
    # 根据操作系统调整编译后的可执行文件路径和名称
    compiled_app_name = "my_go_app"
    if os.name == 'nt': # Windows
        compiled_app_name += ".exe"
    compiled_app_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), compiled_app_name)

    # 尝试编译Go程序
    try:
        print(f"Attempting to compile '{go_source_file}' to '{compiled_app_path}'...")
        subprocess.check_call(["go", "build", "-o", compiled_app_path, go_source_file])
        print("Compilation successful.")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print(f"Error compiling Go program: {e}")
        print("Please ensure Go is installed and 'go build' command works.")
        compiled_app_path = None # Mark as not compiled
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("Error: 'go' command not found. Cannot compile Go program.")
        compiled_app_path = None

    if compiled_app_path and os.path.exists(compiled_app_path):
        try:
            result_from_compiled = run_compiled_go_application(compiled_app_path, "CompiledPythonCaller")
            print(f"Go program output (compiled): {result_from_compiled}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Failed to run compiled Go app: {e}")
        finally:
            # 清理编译生成的可执行文件
            try:
                os.remove(compiled_app_path)
                print(f"Cleaned up compiled executable: {compiled_app_path}")
            except OSError as e:
                print(f"Error removing compiled executable: {e}")
    else:
        print("Skipping compiled application test due to compilation failure or missing executable.")