深入解析PHPUnit：如何有效测试带有依赖和继承的类

{
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "App\": "app/",
            "App\Controllers\": "app/controllers/",
            "App\Models\": "app/models/",
            "App\Lib\": "lib/"
        }
    },
    "autoload-dev": {
        "psr-4": {
            "Tests\": "tests/"
        }
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "phpunit/phpunit": "^9.5"
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://schema.phpunit.de/9.5/phpunit.xsd"
         bootstrap="vendor/autoload.php"
         colors="true"
         cacheResult="false">
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Unit">
            <directory>tests/Unit</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
    <php>
        <!-- 可以在这里定义环境变量，如果需要 -->
        <!-- <env name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/> -->
    </php>
</phpunit>

<?php

namespace AppModels;

use AppControllersPages; // 引入Pages类

class Account
{
    private Pages $pagesController;

    public function __construct(Pages $pagesController)
    {
        $this->pagesController = $pagesController;
    }

    public function register(string $username, string $password, string $cpassword, string $email): string
    {
        if ($password !== $cpassword) {
            return "Passwords do not match!";
        }
        // 假设这里会调用pagesController的某个方法，例如验证邮箱或记录日志
        // $this->pagesController->logRegistrationAttempt($username, $email);
        return "Registration successful!";
    }

    // 假设authenticate方法可能存在，但不在当前问题范围内
    // public function authenticate(string $username, string $password): bool
    // {
    //     // ... 认证逻辑
    //     return true;
    // }
}

<?php

namespace AppControllers;

use AppLibController; // 引入父类

class Pages extends Controller
{
    // 假设Pages类有一些方法
    public function logRegistrationAttempt(string $username, string $email): void
    {
        // 实际的日志记录逻辑
    }
}

<?php

namespace AppLib;

class Controller
{
    // 基础控制器逻辑
}

<?php

namespace TestsUnit;

use PHPUnitFrameworkTestCase;
use AppModelsAccount;
use AppControllersPages; // 仍然需要引入Pages类，以便PHPUnit知道要模拟哪个类

class RegisterAccountTests extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * 测试密码不匹配的情况
     */
    public function testPasswordsDoNotMatch(): void
    {
        // 1. 创建一个Pages类的Mock对象
        // PHPUnit会创建一个Pages类的运行时替身，它满足Account构造函数的要求
        // 并且不会去加载Pages的父类（Controller）或执行Pages的构造函数。
        $mockPages = $this->createMock(Pages::class);

        // 如果Account类会调用mockPages上的特定方法，我们可以在这里定义其行为。
        // 例如：$mockPages->expects($this->once())->method('logRegistrationAttempt');

        // 2. 使用Mock对象实例化Account类
        $account = new Account($mockPages);

        // 3. 定义测试数据
        $username = "test_name";
        $password = "test_password";
        $cpassword = "invalid_password"; // 密码不匹配
        $email = "test@example.com";
        $expected = "Passwords do not match!";

        // 4. 调用被测方法
        $received = $account->register($username, $password, $cpassword, $email);

        // 5. 断言结果
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $received);
    }

    /**
     * 测试注册成功的情况
     */
    public function testRegistrationSuccessful(): void
    {
        $mockPages = $this->createMock(Pages::class);
        $account = new Account($mockPages);

        $username = "test_name";
        $password = "test_password";
        $cpassword = "test_password"; // 密码匹配
        $email = "test@example.com";
        $expected = "Registration successful!";

        $received = $account->register($username, $password, $cpassword, $email);

        $this->assertEquals($expected, $received);
    }
}