Django模板中访问父模型属性的最佳实践

# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.urls import reverse

class Project(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField(default='')
    date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('project-detail', kwargs={'pk': self.pk})

class Post(models.Model):
    # 假设 get_sentinel_exam_id 是一个返回默认 Project 实例的函数
    # 这里为了示例简化，可以假设它返回一个实际的 Project 实例
    project = models.ForeignKey(Project, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='posts')
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField(default='')
    date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    LOW = '!'
    MED = '!!'
    HIGH = '!!!'

    SEVERITY_CHOICES = [
        (LOW, '!'),
        (MED, '!!'),
        (HIGH, '!!!'),
    ]
    severity = models.CharField(
        max_length=3,
        choices=SEVERITY_CHOICES,
        default=LOW,
    )

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('post-detail', kwargs={'pk': self.pk})

# views.py
from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Post, Project

class ProjectPostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/project_posts.html'
    context_object_name = 'posts'
    paginate_by = 10

    def get_queryset(self):
        project = get_object_or_404(Project, title=self.kwargs.get('title'))
        return Post.objects.filter(project=project).order_by('-date_posted')

    # 初始问题：如何在此处获取 project 对象并在模板中使用？
    # 如果只依赖 context_object_name='posts'，那么在<h1>中直接引用 project 对象会遇到困难

# urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
from .views import ProjectPostListView # 假设其他视图也在此处

urlpatterns = [
    # ... 其他路径
    path('project/<str:title>/posts/', ProjectPostListView.as_view(), name='project-posts'),
    # ... 其他路径
]

<!-- blog/project_posts.html (初始尝试) -->
<h1 class="mb-3">Posts for {{ post.project.title }}</h1> {# 此处可能无法正确显示 #}
{% for post in posts %}
    <article class="media content-section">
        <!-- ... 帖子详情 ... -->
    </article>
{% endfor %}

# views.py
from django.views.generic import DetailView
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Post, Project

class ProjectDetailWithPostsView(DetailView):
    model = Project
    template_name = 'blog/project_posts.html'
    context_object_name = 'project' # 将 Project 实例命名为 'project'

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        # 根据URL中的title参数获取Project对象
        return get_object_or_404(Project, title=self.kwargs.get('title'))

    # 如果需要分页 Posts，可以在这里手动添加分页逻辑
    # 例如：
    # def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
    #     context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
    #     project = self.get_object()
    #     posts = project.posts.all().order_by('-date_posted')
    #     # 添加分页逻辑
    #     paginator = Paginator(posts, self.paginate_by) # self.paginate_by 需要定义
    #     page_number = self.request.GET.get('page')
    #     page_obj = paginator.get_page(page_number)
    #     context['posts'] = page_obj
    #     return context

# urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
from .views import ProjectDetailWithPostsView # 导入新的视图

urlpatterns = [
    # ... 其他路径
    path('project/<str:title>/posts/', ProjectDetailWithPostsView.as_view(), name='project-posts'),
    # ... 其他路径
]

<!-- blog/project_posts.html (修改后) -->
<h1 class="mb-3">Posts for {{ project.title }}</h1> {# 直接访问 project 对象的 title 属性 #}
{% for post in project.posts.all %} {# 通过 project.posts.all 访问所有关联的帖子 #}
    <article class="media content-section">
        <img class="rounded-circle article-img" src="{{ post.author.profile.image.url }}">
        <div class="media-body">
            <div class="article-metadata">
                <a class="mr-2">{{ post.author }}</a>
                <small class="text-muted">{{ post.date_posted|date:"F d, Y" }}</small>
            </div>
            <h2><a class="article-title">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>
            <p class="article-content">{{ post.description }}</p>
        </div>
    </article>
{% empty %}
    <p>This project currently has no posts.</p>
{% endfor %}

# views.py
from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Post, Project

class ProjectPostListView(ListView): # 保持为 ListView
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/project_posts.html'
    context_object_name = 'posts'
    paginate_by = 10

    def get_queryset(self):
        # 存储 project 对象以便在 get_context_data 中使用
        self.project = get_object_or_404(Project, title=self.kwargs.get('title'))
        return Post.objects.filter(project=self.project).order_by('-date_posted')

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        # 将 project 对象添加到上下文
        context['project'] = self.project 
        return context

<!-- blog/project_posts.html (使用 ListView 方案) -->
<h1 class="mb-3">Posts for {{ project.title }}</h1> {# 直接访问 project 对象的 title 属性 #}
{% for post in posts %} {# 此时 posts 仍然是 ListView 的 context_object_name #}
    <article class="media content-section">
        <!-- ... 帖子详情 ... -->
    </article>
{% empty %}
    <p>This project currently has no posts.</p>
{% endfor %}