Golang如何使用net/http实现REST接口_Golang net/http REST接口实践详解

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

type User struct {
    ID   int    `json:"id"`
    Name string `json:"name"`
    Email string `json:"email"`
}

var users = []User{
    {ID: 1, Name: "Alice", Email: "alice@example.com"},
}

func getUsers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
}

func createUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    if r.Method != "POST" {
        http.Error(w, "只支持 POST 请求", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
        return
    }

    var user User
    if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user); err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }

    user.ID = len(users) + 1
    users = append(users, user)

    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(user)
}

func getUserByID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    id := r.URL.Path[len("/users/"):]

    for _, u := range users {
        if fmt.Sprint(u.ID) == id {
            w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
            json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(u)
            return
        }
    }

    http.Error(w, "用户不存在", http.StatusNotFound)
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/users", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        if r.Method == "GET" {
            getUsers(w, r)
        } else if r.Method == "POST" {
            createUser(w, r)
        } else {
            http.Error(w, "不支持的方法", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
        }
    })

    http.HandleFunc("/users/", getUserByID)

    log.Println("服务器启动在 :8080")
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

func loggingMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
    return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        log.Printf("%s %s %s", r.RemoteAddr, r.Method, r.URL)
        next(w, r)
    }
}

http.HandleFunc("/users", loggingMiddleware(getUsers))

type Response struct {
    Success bool        `json:"success"`
    Data    interface{} `json:"data,omitempty"`
    Message string      `json:"message,omitempty"`
}