PHP5学习对象教程由美国人古曼兹、贝肯、瑞桑斯编著,简张桂翻译,电子工业出版社于2007年12月1日出版的关于PHP5应用程序的技术类图书。该书全面介绍了PHP 5中的新功能、编程方法及设计模式,还分析阐述了PHP 5中新的数据库连接处理、错误处理和XML处理等机制,帮助读者系统了解、熟练掌握和高效应用PHP。
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大家也许多首先我们来理解三个关键字: this,self,parent,从字面上比较好理解,是指这,自己,父亲,呵呵,比较好玩了,我们先建立几个概念,这三个关键字分别是用在什么地方 呢?我们初步解释一下,this是指向当前对象的指针(我们姑且用c里面的指针来看吧),self是指向当前类的指针,parent是指向父类的指针。
这么说还不能很了解,那我们就根据实际的例子结合来讲讲。
(1) PHP5指针之this
<OL class=dp-xml><LI class=alt><SPAN><STRONG><FONT color=#006699><SPAN class=tag><?</SPAN><SPAN class=tag-name>php</SPAN></FONT></STRONG><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>class UserName </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//定义属性 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>private $name; </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>//定义构造函数 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>function __construct( $name ) </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>$this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>name</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = $name; //这里已经使用了this指针 </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>//析构函数 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>function __destruct(){} </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//打印用户名成员函数 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>function printName() </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>print( $this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN>name ); //又使用了this指针 </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>//实例化对象 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>$</SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>nameObject</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = </SPAN><SPAN class=attribute-value><FONT color=#0000ff>new</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> UserName( "heiyeluren" ); </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//执行打印 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>$nameObject-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN>printName(); //输出: heiyeluren </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>//第二次实例化对象 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>$</SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>nameObject2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = </SPAN><SPAN class=attribute-value><FONT color=#0000ff>new</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> UserName( "PHP5" ); </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//执行打印 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>$nameObject2-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN>printName(); //输出:PHP5 </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>?></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL>我们看,上面的类分别在11行和20行使用了this指针,那么当时this是指向谁呢?其实this是在实例化的时候来确定指向谁,比如第一次实例化对象 的时候(25行),那么当时this就是指向$nameObject对象,那么执行18行的打印的时候就把print( $this->
(2)PHP5指针之self
首先我们要明确一点,self是指向类本身,也就是self是不指向任何已经实例化的对象,一般self使用来指向类中的静态变量。
<OL class=dp-xml><LI class=alt><SPAN><STRONG><FONT color=#006699><SPAN class=tag><?</SPAN><SPAN class=tag-name>php</SPAN></FONT></STRONG><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>class Counter </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//定义属性,包括一个静态变量 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>private static $</SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>firstCount</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = </SPAN><SPAN class=attribute-value><FONT color=#0000ff>0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>; </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>private $lastCount; </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>//构造函数 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>function __construct() </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>$this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>lastCount</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = ++selft::$firstCount; //使用self来调用静态变量,使用self调用必须使用::(域运算符号) </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//打印最次数值 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>function printLastCount() </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>print( $this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN>lastCount ); </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>//实例化对象 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>$</SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>countObject</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = </SPAN><SPAN class=attribute-value><FONT color=#0000ff>new</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> Counter(); </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>$countObject-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN>printLastCount(); //输出 1 </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>?></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL>我们这里只要注意两个地方,第6行和第12行。我们在第二行定义了一个静态变量$firstCount,并且初始值为0,那么在12行的时候调用了这个值 得,使用的是self来调用,并且中间使用"::"来连接,就是我们所谓的域运算符,那么这时候我们调用的就是类自己定义的静态变量$ frestCount,我们的静态变量与下面对象的实例无关,它只是跟类有关,那么我调用类本身的的,那么我们就无法使用this来引用,可以使用 self来引用,因为self是指向类本身,与任何对象实例无关。换句话说,假如我们的类里面静态的成员,我们也必须使用self来调用。
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(3)PHP5指针之parent
我们知道parent是指向父类的指针,一般我们使用parent来调用父类的构造函数。
<OL class=dp-xml><LI class=alt><SPAN><STRONG><FONT color=#006699><SPAN class=tag><?</SPAN><SPAN class=tag-name>php</SPAN></FONT></STRONG><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>//基类 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>class Animal </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//基类的属性 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>public $name; //名字 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//基类的构造函数 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>public function __construct( $name ) </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>$this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>name</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = $name; </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//派生类 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>class Person extends Animal //Person类继承了Animal类 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>public $personSex; //性别 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>public $personAge; //年龄 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>//继承类的构造函数 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>function __construct( $personSex, $personAge ) </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>parent::__construct( "heiyeluren" ); //使用parent调用了父类的构造函数 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>$this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>personSex</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = $personSex; </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>$this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>personAge</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = $personAge; </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>function printPerson() </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>{ </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>print( $this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN>name. " is " .$this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN>personSex. ",this year " .$this-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN>personAge ); </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>} </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>//实例化Person对象 </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>$</SPAN><SPAN class=attribute><FONT color=#ff0000>personObject</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> = </SPAN><SPAN class=attribute-value><FONT color=#0000ff>new</FONT></SPAN><SPAN> Person( "male", "21"); </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN>//执行打印 </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN>$personObject-</SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN>printPerson(); //输出:heiyeluren is male,this year 21 </SPAN></SPAN><LI class=alt><SPAN> </SPAN><LI class=""><SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tag><STRONG><FONT color=#006699>?></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL>
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