前言
前几天,我们通过PHP实现了不同的排序算法,并比较算法对应的耗时。
【算法】PHP实现经典算法(上)
下面我们来实现下列算法
CODE
<code><span>$arr</span> = [];
<span>for</span> (<span>$i</span> = <span>0</span>; <span>$i</span> < <span>5000</span>; <span>$i</span>++) {
<span>$arr</span>[] = rand(<span>1</span>, <span>50000</span>);
}
<span>// 5 堆排序</span><span>/**
* 交换两个数的位置
*<span> @param</span> $a
*<span> @param</span> $b
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>swap</span><span>(&<span>$a</span>,&<span>$b</span>)</span>{</span><span>$temp</span> = <span>$b</span>;
<span>$b</span> = <span>$a</span>;
<span>$a</span> = <span>$temp</span>;
}
<span>/**
* 左子树
*<span> @param</span> $i
*<span> @return</span> mixed
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>lchild</span><span>(<span>$i</span>)</span>{</span><span>return</span><span>$i</span>*<span>2</span>+<span>1</span>;}
<span>/**
* 右子树
*<span> @param</span> $i
*<span> @return</span> mixed
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>rchild</span><span>(<span>$i</span>)</span>{</span><span>return</span><span>$i</span>*<span>2</span>+<span>2</span>;}
<span>/**
* 整理节点
*<span> @param</span> $array 待调整的堆数组
*<span> @param</span> $i 待调整的数组元素的位置
*<span> @param</span> $heapsize 数组的长度
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>build_heap</span><span>(&<span>$array</span>,<span>$i</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>)</span>{</span><span>$left</span> = lchild(<span>$i</span>);
<span>$right</span> = rchild(<span>$i</span>);
<span>$max</span> = <span>$i</span>;
<span>//如果比左子树小并且在左右子树的右面,边界调整到左侧</span><span>if</span>(<span>$i</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$left</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$array</span>[<span>$left</span>] > <span>$array</span>[<span>$i</span>] ){
<span>$max</span> = <span>$left</span>;
}
<span>//如果比右子树小并且都小于要构建的数组长度,边界调整到右侧</span><span>if</span>(<span>$i</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$right</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$array</span>[<span>$right</span>] > <span>$array</span>[<span>$max</span>]){
<span>$max</span> = <span>$right</span>;
}
<span>//如果经过两次调整后,要调整的数组不是最大值</span><span>if</span>(<span>$i</span> != <span>$max</span> && <span>$i</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$max</span> < <span>$heapsize</span>){
<span>//就交换对应的位置,并再次进行整理节点</span>
swap(<span>$array</span>[<span>$i</span>],<span>$array</span>[<span>$max</span>]);
build_heap(<span>$array</span>,<span>$max</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>);
}
}
<span>/**
* 对堆进行排序
*<span> @param</span> $array 要排序的数组
*<span> @param</span> $heapsize 数组的长度
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>sortHeap</span><span>(&<span>$array</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>)</span>{</span><span>while</span>(<span>$heapsize</span>){ <span>//长度逐步递减0</span><span>//首先交换第一个元素和最后一个元素的位置</span>
swap(<span>$array</span>[<span>0</span>],<span>$array</span>[<span>$heapsize</span>-<span>1</span>]);
<span>$heapsize</span> = <span>$heapsize</span> -<span>1</span>;
build_heap(<span>$array</span>,<span>0</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>); <span>//整理数组的第一个的元素的位置,长度为逐步递减的数组长度</span>
}
}
<span>/**
* 创建堆
*<span> @param</span> $array
*<span> @param</span> $heapsize
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>createHeap</span><span>(&<span>$array</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>)</span>{</span><span>$i</span> = ceil(<span>$heapsize</span>/<span>2</span>)-<span>1</span>; <span>//找到中间的位置</span><span>for</span>( ; <span>$i</span>>=<span>0</span> ;<span>$i</span>-- ){ <span>//从中间往前面整理堆</span>
build_heap(<span>$array</span>,<span>$i</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>);
}
}
<span>/**
* 堆排序主函数
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>Heapsort</span><span>(<span>$array</span>)</span>{</span><span>$heapsize</span> = count(<span>$array</span>);
createHeap(<span>$array</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>);
sortHeap(<span>$array</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>);
<span>return</span><span>$array</span>;
}
<span>$heapsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$heapsort_sort</span> = Heapsort(<span>$arr</span>);
<span>$heapsort_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$heapsort_need_time</span> = <span>$heapsort_end_time</span> - <span>$heapsort_start_time</span>;
print_r(<span>"堆排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$heapsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>);
<span>// 6 鸡尾酒排序法</span><span>/**
* 鸡尾酒排序
*<span> @param</span> $arr
*<span> @return</span> mixed
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>Cocktailsort</span><span>(<span>$arr</span>)</span> {</span><span>$arr_len</span> =count(<span>$arr</span>);
<span>for</span>(<span>$i</span> = <span>0</span> ; <span>$i</span> < (<span>$arr_len</span>/<span>2</span>) ; <span>$i</span> ++){
<span>//将最小值排到队尾</span><span>for</span>( <span>$j</span> = <span>$i</span> ; <span>$j</span> < ( <span>$arr_len</span> - <span>$i</span> - <span>1</span> ) ; <span>$j</span> ++ ){
<span>if</span>(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>] < <span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span> + <span>1</span>] ){
swap(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>],<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span> + <span>1</span>]);
}
}
<span>//将最大值排到队头</span><span>for</span>(<span>$j</span> = <span>$arr_len</span> - <span>1</span> - (<span>$i</span> + <span>1</span>); <span>$j</span> > <span>$i</span> ; <span>$j</span> --){
<span>if</span>(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>] > <span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span> - <span>1</span>]){
swap(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>],<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span> - <span>1</span>]);
}
}
}
<span>return</span><span>$arr</span>;
}
<span>$cocktailsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$cocktailsort_sort</span> = Cocktailsort(<span>$arr</span>);
<span>$cocktailsortt_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$cocktailsort_need_time</span> = <span>$cocktailsortt_end_time</span> - <span>$cocktailsort_start_time</span>;
print_r(<span>"鸡尾酒排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$cocktailsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>);
<span>// 7 希尔排序</span><span>/**
* 希尔排序
*<span> @param</span> $arr
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>Shellsort</span><span>(<span>$arr</span>)</span>
{</span><span>$n</span>=count(<span>$arr</span>); <span>//数组长度</span><span>for</span>(<span>$gap</span>=floor(<span>$n</span>/<span>2</span>);<span>$gap</span>><span>0</span>;<span>$gap</span>=floor(<span>$gap</span>/=<span>2</span>)) <span>//</span>
{
<span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=<span>$gap</span>;<span>$i</span><<span>$n</span>;++<span>$i</span>) <span>//根据增量循环</span>
{
<span>//以增量为步幅进行查看</span><span>for</span>( <span>$j</span>=<span>$i</span>-<span>$gap</span>; <span>$j</span>>=<span>0</span> && <span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>+<span>$gap</span>] < <span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>]; <span>$j</span> -= <span>$gap</span>)
{
swap(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>],<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>+<span>$gap</span>]);
}
}
}
<span>return</span><span>$arr</span>;
}
<span>$shellsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$shellsort_sort</span> = Cocktailsort(<span>$arr</span>);
<span>$shellsort_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$shellsort_need_time</span> = <span>$shellsort_end_time</span> - <span>$shellsort_start_time</span>;
print_r(<span>"希尔排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$shellsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>);
<span>// 8 直接选择排序</span><span>/**
* 直接选择排序
*<span> @param</span> $arr
*<span> @return</span> mixed
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>Straightselectsort</span><span>(<span>$arr</span>)</span>{</span><span>$n</span> = count(<span>$arr</span>);
<span>for</span>(<span>$i</span> = <span>0</span> ; <span>$i</span> < <span>$n</span> - <span>1</span>;<span>$i</span>++){
<span>$m</span> = <span>$i</span>;
<span>for</span>(<span>$j</span> = <span>$i</span>+<span>1</span> ; <span>$j</span> < <span>$n</span>; <span>$j</span>++){
<span>if</span>(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>] < <span>$arr</span>[<span>$m</span>] ){
<span>$m</span> = <span>$j</span>;
}
<span>if</span>(<span>$m</span> != <span>$j</span>){
<span>//进行交换</span>
swap(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$m</span>],<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>]);
}
}
}
<span>return</span><span>$arr</span>;
}
<span>$straightselectsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$straightselectsort_sort</span> = Cocktailsort(<span>$arr</span>);
<span>$straightselectsort_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$straightselectsort_need_time</span> = <span>$straightselectsort_end_time</span> - <span>$straightselectsort_start_time</span>;
print_r(<span>"直接选择排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$straightselectsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>);
<span>// 9 计数排序</span><span>/**
* 计数排序
*<span> @param</span> $arr
*<span> @return</span> mixed
*/</span><span><span>function</span><span>Countsort</span><span>(<span>$arr</span>)</span>{</span><span>$max</span> = <span>$arr</span>[<span>0</span>];
<span>$min</span> = <span>$arr</span>[<span>0</span>];
<span>foreach</span>(<span>$arr</span><span>as</span><span>$key</span> => <span>$value</span>) {
<span>if</span> (<span>$value</span> > <span>$max</span>) {
<span>$max</span> = <span>$value</span>;
}
<span>if</span> (<span>$value</span> < <span>$min</span>) {
<span>$min</span> = <span>$value</span>;
}
}
<span>//这里k的大小是要排序的数组中,元素大小的极值差+1</span><span>$c</span>=[];
<span>$k</span> = <span>$max</span> - <span>$min</span> + <span>1</span>;
<span>for</span>(<span>$i</span> = <span>0</span>; <span>$i</span> < count(<span>$arr</span>) ; <span>$i</span> ++){
<span>$c</span>[<span>$arr</span>[<span>$i</span>] - <span>$min</span> ] +=<span>1</span>;
}
<span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=<span>1</span>;<span>$i</span> < count(<span>$c</span>); ++<span>$i</span>){
<span>$c</span>[<span>$i</span>] = <span>$c</span>[<span>$i</span>] + <span>$c</span>[<span>$i</span> - <span>1</span>];
}
<span>for</span>(<span>$i</span> = count(<span>$arr</span>);<span>$i</span> > <span>0</span> ; --<span>$i</span>){
<span>$b</span>[ -- <span>$c</span>[<span>$arr</span>[<span>$i</span>] - <span>$min</span>] ] = <span>$arr</span>[<span>$i</span>];
}
<span>return</span><span>$b</span>;
}
<span>$countsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$countsort_sort</span> = Cocktailsort(<span>$arr</span>);
<span>$countsort_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>);
<span>$countsort_need_time</span> = <span>$countsort_end_time</span> - <span>$countsort_start_time</span>;
print_r(<span>"计数排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$countsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>);
</code>耗时对比
堆排序耗时:0.086709976196289 鸡尾酒排序耗时:4.6467659473419 希尔排序耗时:4.4215688705444 直接选择排序耗时:4.529422044754 计数排序耗时:4.2601070404053
参考资料
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