Python中遍历字典过程中更改元素导致异常

#!/usr/bin/python 
dict={"a":"apple","b":"banana","o":"orange"} 
 
print "##########dict######################" 
for i in dict: 
    print "dict[%s]=" % i,dict[i] 
 
print "###########items#####################" 
for (k,v) in dict.items(): 
    print "dict[%s]=" % k,v 
 
print "###########iteritems#################" 
for k,v in dict.iteritems(): 
    print "dict[%s]=" % k,v 
 
print "###########iterkeys,itervalues#######" 
for k,v in zip(dict.iterkeys(),dict.itervalues()): 
    print "dict[%s]=" % k,v

##########dict###################### 
dict[a]= apple 
dict[b]= banana 
dict[o]= orange 
###########items##################### 
dict[a]= apple 
dict[b]= banana 
dict[o]= orange 
###########iteritems################# 
dict[a]= apple 
dict[b]= banana 
dict[o]= orange 
###########iterkeys,itervalues####### 
dict[a]= apple 
dict[b]= banana 
dict[o]= orange

#这里初始化一个dict
>>> d = {'a':1, 'b':0, 'c':1, 'd':0}
#本意是遍历dict，发现元素的值是0的话，就删掉
>>> for k in d:
...  if d[k] == 0:
...   del(d[k])
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration
#结果抛出异常了，两个0的元素，也只删掉一个。
>>> d
{'a': 1, 'c': 1, 'd': 0}

>>> d = {'a':1, 'b':0, 'c':1, 'd':0}
#d.keys() 是一个下标的数组
>>> d.keys()
['a', 'c', 'b', 'd']
#这样遍历，就没问题了，因为其实其实这里遍历的是d.keys()这个list常量。
>>> for k in d.keys():
...  if d[k] == 0:
...   del(d[k])
...
>>> d
{'a': 1, 'c': 1}
#结果也是对的
>>>

#这里初始化一个dict
>>> d = {'a':1, 'b':0, 'c':1, 'd':0}
#本意是遍历dict，发现元素的值是0的话，就删掉
>>> for k in d:
...  if d[k] == 0:
...   del(d[k])
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration
#结果抛出异常了，两个0的元素，也只删掉一个。
>>> d
{'a': 1, 'c': 1, 'd': 0}
 
>>> d = {'a':1, 'b':0, 'c':1, 'd':0}
#d.keys() 是一个下标的数组
>>> d.keys()
['a', 'c', 'b', 'd']
#这样遍历，就没问题了，因为其实其实这里遍历的是d.keys()这个list常量。
>>> for k in d.keys():
...  if d[k] == 0:
...   del(d[k])
...
>>> d
{'a': 1, 'c': 1}
#结果也是对的
>>>

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
a = {'a':1, 'b':0, 'c':1, 'd':0}
b={}
for k,v in a.items():
  if v != 0:
    b.update({k:v})
adict = b
del b
print a

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
a = {'a':1, 'b':0, 'c':1, 'd':0}
b={}
for k,v in a.items():
  if v != 0:
    b.update({k:v})
adict = b
del b
print a

val = float(raw_input("Age: "))
status = ("working","retired")[val>65]
print "You should be",status

val = float(raw_input("Age: "))
status = ("working","retired")[val>65]
print "You should be",status

#V1 if X else V2
s = None
a = "not null" if s == None else s
print a
#'not null'

>>> alist = [1,2,0,3,0,4,5]
>>> alist = [i for i in alist if i != 0]
>>> alist

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

>>> d = {'a':1, 'b':0, 'c':1, 'd':0}
>>> d = dict([(k,v) for k,v in d.iteritems() if v!=0])
>>> d
{'a':1,'c':1'}

>>> d = {k:v for k,v in d.iteritems() if v !=0 }