Java技术栈中的常见问题及其解决方法

// 使用对象池重用对象
ObjectPool<MyObject> objectPool = new ObjectPool<>(() -> new MyObject());

// 从对象池中获取对象
MyObject myObject = objectPool.getObject();

// 使用完后放回对象池
objectPool.releaseObject(myObject);

// 使用并行流进行计算
int result = IntStream.range(1, 1000).parallel().sum();

// 使用多线程进行任务拆分和并发执行
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
List<Future<Integer>> futures = new ArrayList<>();

for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) {
    int finalI = i;
    futures.add(executorService.submit(() -> calculate(finalI)));
}

int result = 0;

for (Future<Integer> future : futures) {
    result += future.get();
}

executorService.shutdown();

// 计算方法
private static int calculate(int i) {
    // ...
    return result;
}

// 较长生命周期的对象被引用导致内存泄漏
public class MyEventListener implements EventListener {
    private List<Event> events = new ArrayList<>();

    public void addEvent(Event event) {
        events.add(event);
    }

    public void removeEvent(Event event) {
        events.remove(event);
    }

    // ...
}

// 修改为弱引用，可以被垃圾回收
public class MyEventListener implements EventListener {
    private List<WeakReference<Event>> events = new ArrayList<>();

    public void addEvent(Event event) {
        events.add(new WeakReference<>(event));
    }

    public void removeEvent(Event event) {
        Iterator<WeakReference<Event>> iterator = events.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            WeakReference<Event> weakRef = iterator.next();
            Event ref = weakRef.get();
            if (ref == null || ref == event) {
                iterator.remove();
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    // ...
}

// 静态集合导致的内存泄漏
public class MyCache {
    private static Map<String, Object> cache = new HashMap<>();

    public static void put(String key, Object value) {
        cache.put(key, value);
    }

    public static Object get(String key) {
        return cache.get(key);
    }

    // ...
}

// 使用WeakHashMap避免内存泄漏
public class MyCache {
    private static Map<String, WeakReference<Object>> cache = new WeakHashMap<>();

    public static void put(String key, Object value) {
        cache.put(key, new WeakReference<>(value));
    }

    public static Object get(String key) {
        WeakReference<Object> weakRef = cache.get(key);
        return weakRef != null ? weakRef.get() : null;
    }

    // ...
}

// 使用synchronized保证线程安全
public class Counter {
    private int count;

    public synchronized void increase() {
        count++;
    }

    public synchronized int getCount() {
        return count;
    }
}

// 使用并发容器保证线程安全
public class Counter {
    private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();

    public void increase() {
        count.incrementAndGet();
    }

    public int getCount() {
        return count.get();
    }
}

// 避免循环等待
public void transfer(Account from, Account to, int amount) {
    Account firstLock = from.getBalance() < to.getBalance() ? from : to;
    Account secondLock = from.getBalance() < to.getBalance() ? to : from;

    synchronized (firstLock) {
        synchronized (secondLock) {
            // 转账操作
        }
    }
}