Python底层技术解析：如何实现神经网络

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

class NeuralNetwork:
    def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size):
        self.input_size = input_size
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.output_size = output_size
        self.W1 = np.random.randn(self.input_size, self.hidden_size) 
        self.W2 = np.random.randn(self.hidden_size, self.output_size)

    def forward(self, X):
        self.z1 = np.dot(X, self.W1)
        self.a1 = self.sigmoid(self.z1)
        self.z2 = np.dot(self.a1, self.W2)
        self.output = self.sigmoid(self.z2)

    def backward(self, X, y):
        self.error = y - self.output
        self.delta_output = self.error * self.sigmoid_derivative(self.output)
        self.error_hidden = self.delta_output.dot(self.W2.T)
        self.delta_hidden = self.error_hidden * self.sigmoid_derivative(self.a1)

        self.W2 += self.a1.T.dot(self.delta_output)
        self.W1 += X.T.dot(self.delta_hidden)

def sigmoid(x):
    return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))

def sigmoid_derivative(x):
    return x * (1 - x)

def relu(x):
    return np.maximum(0, x)

X = np.array([[0, 0], [0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 1]])
y = np.array([[0], [1], [1], [0]])

nn = NeuralNetwork(2, 4, 1)

for i in range(10000):
    nn.forward(X)
    nn.backward(X, y)

print("Output after training:")
print(nn.output)

plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=nn.output.flatten(), cmap='viridis')
plt.title("Neural Network")
plt.xlabel("Input1")
plt.ylabel("Input2")
plt.show()