深入了解Python中的基本数据类型：详解Python各种数据类型

# 整数类型
x = 10
print(x, type(x))  # 输出: 10 <class 'int'>

# 浮点数类型
y = 3.14
print(y, type(y))  # 输出: 3.14 <class 'float'>

# 复数类型
z = 2 + 3j
print(z, type(z))  # 输出: (2+3j) <class 'complex'>

# 字符串类型
s = "Hello, World!"
print(s, type(s))  # 输出: Hello, World! <class 'str'>

# 字符串拼接
s1 = "Hello"
s2 = "World"
s3 = s1 + ", " + s2
print(s3)  # 输出: Hello, World

# 字符串切片
s4 = "Hello, World!"
print(s4[0])      # 输出: H
print(s4[7:12])   # 输出: World
print(s4[::-1])   # 输出: !dlroW ,olleH

# 字符串替换
s5 = "Hello, World!"
s6 = s5.replace("World", "Python")
print(s6)  # 输出: Hello, Python!

# 列表类型
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(my_list, type(my_list))  # 输出: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] <class 'list'>

# 添加元素
my_list.append(6)
print(my_list)  # 输出: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

# 删除元素
my_list.remove(2)
print(my_list)  # 输出: [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]

# 列表切片
print(my_list[1:4])  # 输出: [3, 4, 5]

# 元组类型
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print(my_tuple, type(my_tuple))  # 输出: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) <class 'tuple'>

# 元组解包
a, b, c, d, e = my_tuple
print(a, b, c, d, e)  # 输出: 1 2 3 4 5

# 元组切片
print(my_tuple[1:4])  # 输出: (2, 3, 4)

# 集合类型
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print(my_set, type(my_set))  # 输出: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} <class 'set'>

# 添加元素
my_set.add(6)
print(my_set)  # 输出: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

# 删除元素
my_set.remove(2)
print(my_set)  # 输出: {1, 3, 4, 5, 6}

# 集合操作
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
print(set1.union(set2))    # 输出: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print(set1.intersection(set2))   # 输出: {3}
print(set1.difference(set2))     # 输出: {1, 2}

# 字典类型
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "country": "USA"}
print(my_dict, type(my_dict))  # 输出: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'country': 'USA'} <class 'dict'>

# 添加键值对
my_dict["gender"] = "female"
print(my_dict)  # 输出: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'country': 'USA', 'gender': 'female'}

# 删除键值对
del my_dict["country"]
print(my_dict)  # 输出: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'gender': 'female'}

# 访问键值对
print(my_dict["name"])  # 输出: Alice
print(my_dict.get("age"))  # 输出: 25