如何使用 Golang 构建 RESTful API 并部署到 Docker？

go mod init my-api

type User struct {
    ID     int    `json:"id"`
    Name   string `json:"name"`
    Email  string `json:"email"`
    Age    int    `json:"age"`
}

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个新的路由器
    r := mux.NewRouter()

    // 定义路由
    r.HandleFunc("/users", getUsers).Methods("GET")
    r.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", getUser).Methods("GET")
    r.HandleFunc("/users", createUser).Methods("POST")
    r.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", updateUser).Methods("PUT")
    r.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", deleteUser).Methods("DELETE")

    // 启动 HTTP 服务器
    fmt.Println("Listening on port 8080")
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", r)
}

// 获取所有用户
func getUsers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

// 获取单个用户
func getUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

// 创建用户
func createUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

// 更新用户
func updateUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

// 删除用户
func deleteUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...
}

FROM golang:1.18-alpine

WORKDIR /usr/src/app

COPY . ./

RUN go build -o my-api

CMD ["my-api"]

docker build -t my-api-image .

docker run -p 8080:8080 my-api-image

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/users -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "test", "email": "test@example.com", "age": 30}'