golang框架如何解决数据库并发问题？

import "gorm.io/gorm"

type Product struct {
    ...
}

func main() {
    db, err := gorm.Open("mysql", "...")
    if err != nil {...}

    // 使用 `gorm.Op` 选项防止并发写操作覆盖彼此
    if err := db.Clauses(gorm.Op("UPDATE")).Model(&Product{}).Update("Name", "New Name"); err != nil {...}
}

import "github.com/jackc/pgx/v4"

func main() {
    conn, err := pgx.Connect(...)
    if err != nil {...}

    // 开始一个读写事务
    tx, err := conn.Begin(pgx.ReadWriteMode)
    if err != nil {...}

    // 在事务中，并发读取和写入可以安全地进行

    // 提交事务
    if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {...}
}

import (
    "context"
    "github.com/ory/x/sqlcon/dockertest"
)

func main() {
    // 使用带有 ORM 的 Ory X 容器
    c, err := dockertest.RunContainer("oryd/...")
    if err != nil {...}

    db := dockertest.NewDB(c)
    ctx := dockertest.NewContext(c)

    // 在事务上下文中执行并发读写操作
    go func() {
        _ = db.SetContext(ctx).Update("users", msql.Expr("users.name = ?"), "Markus")
    }()
    go func() {
        _ = db.SetContext(ctx).Update("users", msql.Expr("users.name = ?"), "Tom")
    }()

    // 等待并发 goroutine 完成
    <-ctx.Done()
}

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "math/rand"
    "time"

    "gorm.io/gorm"
    "gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

type Product struct {
    ID     uint
    Name   string
    Stock  int
    Sold   int
    Weight float64
}

func main() {
    db, err := gorm.Open("mysql", "...")
    if err != nil {...}

    // 模拟 100 个并发 goroutine 争夺库存
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        go func(id, delta int) {
            for {
                var product Product
                if err := db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).First(&product, id).Error; err != nil {...}

                time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(200)) * time.Millisecond) // 模拟延迟

                if product.Stock-delta < 0 {
                    continue // 库存不足，重试
                }

                product.Stock -= delta
                product.Sold += delta
                if err := db.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{UpdateAll: true}).Save(&product).Error; err != nil {...}
                break
            }
        }(i%5+1, delta)
    }

    time.Sleep(10 * time.Second) // 等待 goroutine 完成

    products := []Product{}
    if err := db.Find(&products).Error; err != nil {...}
    for _, product := range products {
        fmt.Printf("Product %d: %s, Stock: %d, Sold: %d, Weight: %.2f\n", product.ID, product.Name, product.Stock, product.Sold, product.Weight)
    }
}