怎样用联合体处理网络字节序 跨平台数据序列化方法

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdint>

union NetworkData {
    uint32_t integer;
    uint8_t bytes[4];
};

uint32_t hostToNetwork(uint32_t host) {
    NetworkData data;
    data.integer = host;

#ifdef LITTLE_ENDIAN // 假设定义了 LITTLE_ENDIAN 宏
    // 小端转大端
    return (static_cast<uint32_t>(data.bytes[0]) << 24) |
           (static_cast<uint32_t>(data.bytes[1]) << 16) |
           (static_cast<uint32_t>(data.bytes[2]) << 8)  |
           data.bytes[3];
#else
    // 大端无需转换
    return host;
#endif
}

uint32_t networkToHost(uint32_t network) {
    // 类似地实现网络字节序到主机字节序的转换
    NetworkData data;
    data.integer = network;

#ifdef LITTLE_ENDIAN
    return (static_cast<uint32_t>(data.bytes[0]) << 24) |
           (static_cast<uint32_t>(data.bytes[1]) << 16) |
           (static_cast<uint32_t>(data.bytes[2]) << 8)  |
           data.bytes[3];
#else
    return network;
#endif
}

int main() {
    uint32_t hostValue = 0x12345678;
    uint32_t networkValue = hostToNetwork(hostValue);
    uint32_t convertedValue = networkToHost(networkValue);

    std::cout << "Host Value: 0x" << std::hex << hostValue << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Network Value: 0x" << std::hex << networkValue << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Converted Value: 0x" << std::hex << convertedValue << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

uint32_t hostToNetwork_Bitwise(uint32_t host) {
    return ((host >> 24) & 0xFF) |
           ((host >> 8) & 0xFF00) |
           ((host << 8) & 0xFF0000) |
           ((host << 24) & 0xFF000000);
}

#include <arpa/inet.h> // Linux/Unix
//#include <winsock2.h> // Windows - 需要链接 ws2_32.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdint>

uint32_t hostToNetwork_Std(uint32_t host) {
    return htonl(host);
}

uint32_t networkToHost_Std(uint32_t network) {
    return ntohl(network);
}

int main() {
    uint32_t hostValue = 0x12345678;
    uint32_t networkValue = hostToNetwork_Std(hostValue);
    uint32_t convertedValue = networkToHost_Std(networkValue);

    std::cout << "Host Value: 0x" << std::hex << hostValue << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Network Value: 0x" << std::hex << networkValue << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Converted Value: 0x" << std::hex << convertedValue << std::endl;

    return 0;
}