答案:用Golang搭建客户管理系统需设计清晰结构,实现增删改查。1. 项目分层为main、handlers、models、routes、storage;2. 定义Customer结构体含ID、Name、Email、Phone;3. 内存存储用map加互斥锁并发安全;4. HTTP处理函数实现API逻辑并校验数据;5. 路由映射使用ServeMux配置;6. 主程序启动服务器监听8080端口;7. 可用curl测试接口。后续可扩展数据库与中间件。

用Golang搭建一个基础的客户管理系统并不复杂,重点在于设计清晰的结构、使用合适的库,并实现基本的增删改查功能。下面是一个简单但完整的实现思路和代码示例,适合初学者快速上手。
合理的项目结构有助于后期维护和扩展。建议采用如下目录结构:
customer-system/这种分层方式将路由、业务逻辑、数据模型和存储分离,便于管理。
在 models/customer.go 中定义客户结构体:
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package models
type Customer struct {
ID string `json:"id"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Email string `json:"email"`
Phone string `json:"phone"`
}
使用JSON标签以便API返回时正确序列化。
为了快速验证逻辑,先用内存模拟数据库。创建 storage/memory_store.go:
package storage
import "sync"
import "customer-system/models"
var customers = make(map[string]models.Customer)
var mutex = &sync.Mutex{}
func GetCustomers() []models.Customer {
var result []models.Customer
for _, c := range customers {
result = append(result, c)
}
return result
}
func GetCustomerByID(id string) (models.Customer, bool) {
cust, exists := customers[id]
return cust, exists
}
func CreateCustomer(c models.Customer) {
mutex.Lock()
defer mutex.Unlock()
customers[c.ID] = c
}
func UpdateCustomer(c models.Customer) bool {
mutex.Lock()
defer mutex.Unlock()
if _, exists := customers[c.ID]; !exists {
return false
}
customers[c.ID] = c
return true
}
func DeleteCustomer(id string) bool {
mutex.Lock()
defer mutex.Unlock()
if _, exists := customers[id]; !exists {
return false
}
delete(customers, id)
return true
}
使用互斥锁保证并发安全。
在 handlers/customer_handler.go 中实现HTTP接口逻辑:
package handlers
import (
"encoding/json"
"net/http"
"customer-system/models"
"customer-system/storage"
)
func GetCustomers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
customers := storage.GetCustomers()
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(customers)
}
func GetCustomer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
id := r.URL.Path[len("/api/customers/"):]
if cust, exists := storage.GetCustomerByID(id); exists {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(cust)
} else {
http.Error(w, "Customer not found", http.StatusNotFound)
}
}
func CreateCustomer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
var cust models.Customer
if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&cust); err != nil {
http.Error(w, "Invalid request body", http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
if cust.ID == "" || cust.Name == "" || cust.Email == "" {
http.Error(w, "Missing required fields", http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
storage.CreateCustomer(cust)
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(cust)
}
func UpdateCustomer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
id := r.URL.Path[len("/api/customers/"):]
var cust models.Customer
if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&cust); err != nil || cust.ID != id {
http.Error(w, "Invalid request body or ID mismatch", http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
if !storage.UpdateCustomer(cust) {
http.Error(w, "Customer not found", http.StatusNotFound)
return
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(cust)
}
func DeleteCustomer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
id := r.URL.Path[len("/api/customers/"):]
if !storage.DeleteCustomer(id) {
http.Error(w, "Customer not found", http.StatusNotFound)
return
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
}
在 routes/router.go 中设置路由映射:
package routes
import (
"net/http"
"customer-system/handlers"
)
func SetupRouter() *http.ServeMux {
mux := http.NewServeMux()
mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/customers", handlers.GetCustomers)
mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/customers/", handlers.GetCustomer)
mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/customers", handlers.CreateCustomer)
mux.HandleFunc("PUT /api/customers/", handlers.UpdateCustomer)
mux.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/customers/", handlers.DeleteCustomer)
return mux
}
在 main.go 中启动HTTP服务器:
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"customer-system/routes"
)
func main() {
router := routes.SetupRouter()
log.Println("Server starting on :8080")
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}
运行 go run . 即可启动服务。
使用curl测试创建客户:
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/customers \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"id":"c001","name":"张三","email":"zhangsan@example.com","phone":"13800138000"}'
获取所有客户:curl http://localhost:8080/api/customers
基本上就这些。这个系统虽然简单,但具备了客户管理的核心功能。后续可以替换内存存储为SQLite或PostgreSQL,加入中间件做日志和验证,使用GORM简化数据库操作,也能接入前端页面。关键是先把流程跑通,再逐步迭代增强。
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