c++怎么实现一个简单的状态机_c++状态机设计与实现实例

enum class LightState { OFF, ON };

void LightStateMachine() { LightState currentState = LightState::OFF; std::string input;

while (true) {
    std::cout << "Current state: " 
              << (currentState == LightState::ON ? "ON" : "OFF") 
              << "\nEnter event (toggle/quit): ";
    std::cin >> input;

    if (input == "quit") break;

    if (input == "toggle") {
        if (currentState == LightState::OFF) {
            std::cout << "Turning ON...\n";
            currentState = LightState::ON;
        } else {
            std::cout << "Turning OFF...\n";
            currentState = LightState::OFF;
        }
    } else {
        std::cout << "Invalid event!\n";
    }
}

}

// 前向声明 class LightContext;

// 抽象状态类 class LightState { public: virtual ~LightState() = default; virtual void handle(LightContext* context) = 0; };

// 具体状态类 class OnState : public LightState { public: void handle(LightContext* context) override; };

class OffState : public LightState { public: void handle(LightContext* context) override; };

// 上下文类 class LightContext { private: std::unique_ptr currentState; public: void setState(std::unique_ptr state) { currentState = std::move(state); }

void request() {
    if (currentState) {
        currentState->handle(this);
    }
}

};

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// 实现具体状态的行为 void OnState::handle(LightContext* context) { std::cout << "Light is ON. Turning OFF...\n"; context->setState(std::make_unique<OffState>()); }

void OffState::handle(LightContext* context) { std::cout << "Light is OFF. Turning ON...\n"; context->setState(std::make_unique<OnState>()); }

// 使用示例 int main() { LightContext light; light.setState(std::make_unique<OffState>());

for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
    light.request();
}

return 0;

}

using StateFunc = std::function<void()>;

void stateA(); void stateB();

std::map<std::string, StateFunc> states = { {"A", stateA}, {"B", stateB} };

std::string currentState = "A";

void stateA() { std::cout << "In State A. Transitioning to B.\n"; currentState = "B"; }

void stateB() { std::cout << "In State B. Transitioning to A.\n"; currentState = "A"; }

int main() { for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { states[currentState](); } return 0; }