XML 文档包含 XML 元素。
什么是 XML 元素？
XML 元素指的是从（且包括）开始标签直到（且包括）结束标签的部分。
一个元素可以包含：
Harry Potter
J K. Rowling
2005
29.99
Learning XML
Erik T. Ray
2003
39.95
在上面的实例中， 和 都有 元素内容，因为他们包含其他元素。 元素也有属性（category="CHILDREN"）。、<author>、<year> 和 <price> 有<strong>文本内容</strong>，因为他们包含文本。</p><hr/><h2>XML 命名规则</h2><p>XML 元素必须遵循以下命名规则：</p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li><p>名称可以包含字母、数字以及其他的字符</p></li><li><p>名称不能以数字或者标点符号开始</p></li><li><p>名称不能以字母 xml（或者 XML、Xml 等等）开始</p></li><li><p>名称不能包含空格</p></li></ul><p>可使用任何名称，没有保留的字词。</p><hr/><h2>最佳命名习惯</h2><p>使名称具有描述性。使用下划线的名称也很不错：<first_name>、<last_name>。</p><p>名称应简短和简单，比如：<book_title>，而不是：<the_title_of_the_book>。</p><p>避免 "-" 字符。如果您按照这样的方式进行命名："first-name"，一些软件会认为您想要从 first 里边减去 name。</p><p>避免 "." 字符。如果您按照这样的方式进行命名："first.name"，一些软件会认为 "name" 是对象 "first" 的属性。</p><p>避免 ":" 字符。冒号会被转换为命名空间来使用（稍后介绍）。</p><p>XML 文档经常有一个对应的数据库，其中的字段会对应 XML 文档中的元素。有一个实用的经验，即使用数据库的命名规则来命名 XML 文档中的元素。</p><p>在 XML 中，éòá 等非英语字母是完全合法的，不过需要留意，您的软件供应商不支持这些字符时可能出现的问题。</p><hr/><h2>XML 元素是可扩展的</h2><p>XML 元素是可扩展，以携带更多的信息。</p><p>请看下面的 XML 实例：</p><div class="code notranslate"><div><note><br/><to>Tove</to><br/><from>Jani</from><br/><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body><br/></note></div></div><p>让我们设想一下，我们创建了一个应用程序，可将 <to>、<from> 以及 <body> 元素从 XML 文档中提取出来，并产生以下的输出：</p><div class="code notranslate"><div>MESSAGE<br/>To: Tove<br/> From: Jani<br/>Don't forget me this weekend!</div></div><p>想象一下，XML 文档的作者添加的一些额外信息：</p><div class="code notranslate"><div><note><br/><date>2008-01-10</date><br/><to>Tove</to><br/><from>Jani</from><br/><heading>Reminder</heading><br/><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body><br/></note></div></div><p>那么这个应用程序会中断或崩溃吗？</p><p>不会。这个应用程序仍然可以找到 XML 文档中的 <to>、<from> 以及 <body> 元素，并产生同样的输出。</p><p>XML 的优势之一，就是可以在不中断应用程序的情况下进行扩展。</p></div></div> </div>
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